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DESCEIPTION  OF  THE  PAINTINO 


OF  THE 


Repulse  of  Longstreet’s  Assault 


PAINTED  BY  JAMES  WALKER. 


HISTORICAL  ARRANGEMENT  AND  DESCRIPTION 


0 


By  JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  A.  M., 

Author  of  the  “'Isometrioal  Duawinq  of  the  Gettysburg  Battle-Field, 


i)ork: 

PUBLISHED  BY  JOHN  B,  BACHELDER, 

59  BEEKMAN  STREET. 

1870. 


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“  REPUIiSE  OF  EONGSTKEET’S  ASSAEET.” 

JULY  3,  1863. 


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1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 


UNION  REFERENCES. 

FrKHtTGH’s  Battery,  K;  1st  New  York. 

Sd  Corps  Head-quarters'  Colors. 

Major-General  Birney,  commanding  3d  Corps. 

Brig. -General  Ward,  1st  Div.,  3d  Corps. 

Head-quarter^Colors  2d  Div  2d  Corps  2d  C.  S.  Sharp-shooters.) 

CoL°Beedan,  2d’ Brig.,  1st  Div.,  3d  Corps,  (3d,  4th  Me.,  20th  Ind.,  86th,  124th  N.  Y.,  99th  Pa.  Vols., 
Brig.-General  Harrow,  Ist  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  2d  Co^s.  tt-  i™  \ 

Col  Dana,  2d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  1st'  Corps,  (143d,  149th  and  150th  Pa.  Volf-) 

Major-Generals  Newton  and  Doubleday,  commanding  Ist  Corps,  a^  3d  Div.,  Ist  Cor^. 
Brig.-Gen.  Rowley,  1st  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  1st  Corps  (121st,  142d,  lolst  Pa.  Vols.,  and  20th  N  Y.  S.M.) 
Brig,-Gp.  Ensxis,  2d_Brig,  3d  Div.,  6th  Corps  (2d  E  I-,  Jth  lOth,  and  37th  Mas^  Vob.) 


13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 
19 


Mad”’  Kast  DirSd  Corps:r5Tt\i,  63d,  68th,  ioSth,’  and  141^t  Pa  VolsO  [P^  Vcjs  ) 
i  Col  He  Teobriand  3d  Bris,  Ist  Div.,  8d  Corps,  (3d,  5th  Mich.,  17th  Me.,  40th  N.  Y.,  Md  llOtn 

Brig.-Gen.  Shaler,  Ist  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  6th  Corps,  (6f*' ^Vh  !nd  imh^i^^’Vo^sV 
Brig.-Gen.  Russell,  3d  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps,  (5th  Wis.,  6th  Me.v  49th  and  119th  Pa.  Vols.) 

Barnes’  Battery,  C.  IstN.  Y. 

Martin’s  Battery,  C,  Mass. 

AW  Coh ’^MliNG.ld  Bri^,^2d  Div.,  Sd’corps,  (M  N.  H.,  5th,  6th,  7th,  8th  N.  J.,  and  115th  Pa^  V ^s.)^ 

ithlrig® G^^CiS'^lsTB^S.fSi^^  8d  Corp^,  (1st,  llth,16th  Mass.,  11th  N.  J.,  12th  N.  H.,  and  26th 

b'rwISe^ ^^^24  DiSdl^^^  2d,  3d,  4th,  5th  Excelsior,  and  120th  N.  Y  Vols.) 

11  St  IrIz”’  b4  (Book’s),  ik  Div.,  L’6orps,  (52d:  67th,  66th  N.  Y.,  and  140th  Pa.  Vols.) 

if  iril’ Ge^  To?BtR7!tt’Brig.?S  Div^eSf'Corps,  (1st,  2d,  3d,  and  15th  N.  J.  Vols.)  ,  . 

25  Br"l-G®n  ’wkiLt,  Ist  Div.,  6th  Corps.  [Ames’  Bat’s.),  also  Thomas’s  and  Daniel’s  Battenes 

26  McSilvert’s  Reserve  Artillery  (Thompson’s,  Phillips’,  Hart’s,  Steklhw s, 

9  it  a.  Col  Kellbt  2d  Brig-  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps,  (28th  Mass.,  63d,  69th,  88th  N.  V.,  and  116th  Pa  Vols.) 

27  S  ’MoSb  Ist  (Cross’),  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps,  (5th  N.  H.,  eist  N.Y.,  81st  and  148th  Pa.  Vo  s. 

28  CoL  Brooke,  4th  Brig.flk  Div.,  2d  Corps,  (2d  Del.,  27th  Conn.,  Wth  N.  Y.,  53d  and  145th  Pa.  Vols.) 

2«  Head-auarters  of  Major-Generals  Sykes  and  Sedgwick,  5th  and  6th  Corps. 
gQ  “  Col.  Grant,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  6th  Corps,  (2d,  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th 

31  Brig.-Gcneral  Barnes,  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps. 

LOCAL  POINTS. 

A  Taneytown  Road.  (See  Y.)  B  Little  Round  Top.  C 

1!  Bliss’ Buildings.  0  Reynolds’ Grove  (WWec?,  July  1st).  P 

CONFEDERATE  REFERENCES. 

Robertson's  Brig.,  (Ist,  4th,  and  hist  Texas,  and  .M  Ark.  .Reg’ts.) 

Anderson’s  Brig.,  (7th,  8th,  9th,  11th,  and  59th  Ga.  Eeg’ts.) 

Bbnning’s  Brig.,  (2d,  15th,  ITth,  and  20th  Ga.  Eeg’ts.) 

Kershaw’s  Brig.,  (2d,  3d,  7th,  8th,  and  15th  8.  C.  Reg’ts.) 

Law’s  Brig.,  (4th,  1.5th,  44th,  47th,  and  4Sth  Ala.  Eeg’ts.) 

Semmbs’  Brig.,  (10th,  50th,  hist,  and  53d  Ga.  Eeg’ts.)  ,  .  .  v 

1 32  Wofford’s  Brig.,  (16th,  18th,  and  24th  Ga.  Reg’ts,  Cobb’s  and  Phillips  Legions.) 

133  Aajor-General  MoLa vs  (commanding  Division). 

1 34  Henry’s  Artillery— comprising  Reilly’s  and  Latham’s  Batteries. 

135  WiLCOx’sBrig.,(Sth,9th,  10th,  11th,  and  14th  Ala.  EegPs.) 

136  .Alexander’s  Artillery — Moody’s,  Taylor’s,  Rhett’s,  Parker’s,  J  obdan’s,  and  W oolfolk  s  Bat  s. 

137  Perry’s  (Col.  Lang’s)  Brig.,  (2d,  6th,  and  8th  Florida  Eeg’ts.) 


i  Vt  Vols.) 


Vincent’s  Spur. 
Fairfield  Road. 


UNION  REFERENCES. 

Col.  SVEITZBR,  2d  Brig.,  1st  Div  5th  Corps  (4th  Mich  62d  Pa.,  f Me  Vols) 

Col  Rice,  3d  Brig.  (Vincent’s),  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps,  (16th  Mich.,  44th  N.  Y.,  83rt  Pa.,  zutn  «ie.  v  ois.; 

32  Head-quarters  ofBij.General  AYRE8^^^^^  14th  U.  8.  Infantry.) 

fit  “  Col  BuRBAN^2d  k-lg.,  2d  Div.,  5th  Corps,  (2d,  7th,  10th,  11th,  &  17th  U- S  Jnfantrv.) 
**  Brlg..Ge..  Ba.™  (S.  OpISn),  U  Brig,  s’d  Div,  efh’corp^  (6th  Me,  Ml.t  H.  Y, 

Gibbs’  Battery,  L,  Ist  Ohio.  _  ^ 

Head-quarters  of  Brig.-General  Wheaton,  M  Dly.,  6th  Corps.  /■oiqi  ifi'if'h  Pa  140th  and 

^  “  Col  Garrard,  3d  Brig.  (Weed’s),  2d  Div.,  5th  Corps,  (91st,  loDtn  Pa.,  i4Uin  ana 

■l46th  N.  Y.  Vols;)  er,  tAV  rr  o 

“  Eittbnhouse’s  (Hazlbtt’s)  Battery,  D,  5tn  U.  8.  iacl 

»  Col.  Fisher,  3d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  5th  Corps,  (5th,  12th  Penn.  Reserves),  and  9th,  10th, 

“  Co1.*Ti^lton1  Ut  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps,  (1st  Mich.,  118th  Pa. 

“  Col.  NBviM,^d*Brig.!^3d  Div.,  6th  Corps,  (62d  N.  Y.,98d,  98th,  102d,  and  139th 

Brig.-Genei-al  Gibbon  (wounded),  2d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

1st  Reg’t  United  States’ Sharp-shooters. 

Brown’s  Battery,  B,  1st  E.  I. 

Elder’s  Battery.  [and  18th  Pa.  Vol.  Cav.) 

HeadVuSteri  len.  pIknsworth  (HUed),  Ist  Brig  3d  Div.  Cavalry,  (Ist  Vt.,  Ist  West  Va.,  5th  N.Y., 
‘‘  Brig.-General  Kilpatrick,  3d  Div.  Cavalry. 

•»»  2d  Corps,  Head -quarters’  Colors.  ta-  aj  a-. 

4  8 -a  Col.  WiLLAKD  (MUed,  July  2d),  8d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

49  Major-General  Hancock  (wounded). 

55  Brig!-Gen^MRRBiTT,  Reserve  Cavalry  Brigade,  (let,  2^ /th^- 8.,  6th  Pa.  Vol.  Cav.,  and  Graham’s 

56  Col.  Brooke  (pounded,  July  2d),  4th  Bng.,  1st  Div.,  2d  Cwq)®- 


31 

31 


33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 


J) 

Q 


57  20th  New  York  State  Militia.  .  ^  nj  i~t 

58  Brig.-Gen.  Zook  (killed,  July  2d),  3d  Brig.,  Ist  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

LOCAL  POINTS. 

Round  Top.  E  Devil’s  Den.  F  Sickles  wounded, 

Seminary. 


REFERENCES, 


Railroad. 


126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 


R  Chambersburg  T’pike.  S 

CONFEDERATE  REFERENCES. 

138  Barksdale’s  Brig.,  (13th,  17th,  18th,  and  21st  Miss.  Reg’ts.) 

1  3  q  Eshlema^n’s  Artiflery-MiLLER’s,  Norcum’s,  and  Richardson’s  Batteries.  _ 

140  .De“’s  Artilleiy^STRiLLiNG’s,  Macon’s,  Caskie’s,  and  Blout’s  Batteries. 

141  Lieut-General  Longsteebt.  _  _.  .  .  . 

142  Major-General  Anderson  (commanding  Division). 

14.3  Kfmpek’s  Brig  (1st,  3d,  7th,  11th,  and  24th  Va.  Regiments)  ,  aa  • 

1 44  Cabell’s  Artfllery-FRASER’s,  Manly’s,  McCarty^,  and  Oaplton  b  Batteries, 

145  Mahone’s  Brig.,  (6th,  12th,  16th,  4lst,  and  61^  Va.  Reg  ts.) 

146  Brig.-General  Abmiste ad  {mortally  wounded). 

147  Lieut-Coi.  Martin,  53d  Va.  (wom^cM)-  y,  ,a  y 

148  Posey’s  Brig.,  (12th,  16th,  19th,  and  48th  Miss.  Keg^.) 

149  &  154  Poaghb’s  Artillery— Vozatt’s,  Graham  s.  Ward  s,  and  Brooks  Batteries. 


G  Wheat-Field. 

T  Mummashurg  Turnpike. 


UNION 

59  Cowan’s  N.  Y.  (independent)  Battery. 

60  1st  Minn.  Vols. 

61  16th  Mass.  Vols.  , 

62  13th  Vt  Vols, 

63  16th  Vt. 

64  19th  Me. 

65  Capt  Cowan  (Cowan’s  New  York  Battery). 

66  82dN.  Y.  Vols. 

67  59th  N.  Y.  Vols. 

68  20th  Mass.  Vols. 

69  7th  Mich.  Vols. 

70  Capt.  Hazard,  Chief  2d  Corps  Artillery. 

71  19th  Mass.  Vols.  _  a  a,  j-, 

72  &  97  Co.  0. 1st  Minn.  Vols.  (Division  Provost  Guard). 

WO  42cl  1^"  "Y^  "Vols 

74  Captain  Farrell  (Co.  C,  Ist  Minn.  Vols.),  commanding  Division  Provost  Guard  {killed). 
7  5  Captain  Bingham  (General  Hancock’s  Staff). 

76  Lieut.  Cushing  (killed).  Battery  A,  4th  U.  S. 

7  7  Col.  Hall,  84  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

78  69th  Pa.  Vols, 

79  Brig.-General  Hunt,  Chief  of  Artillery. 

80  Colonel  Hall’s  Brigade,  Head-quarters’  Colors, 
g  1  Brig.-General  Webb,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

82  Cushing’s  Battery,  A,  4th  U.  8.  (2d  Position). 

83  72dPa.  Vols. 

84  Stone  Wall. 

8  5  Brig.-General  Webb’s  Brigade  Head-quarters’  Colors. 

86  Major  Mitchell  (Gen.  Hancock’s  Staff).  _ 

87  Cushing’s  Battery,  A,  4th  U.  S.  (1st  Position). 

8  8  Capt.  Banes  (Gen.  Webb’s  Staff). 

89  7l8t  Pa.  Vols. 

90  Major-General  Meade  (Oommander-in-chieD. 

91  Angle  in  the  Stone  Wall. 

92  Lieut.  Haskell  (Gen.  Gibbon’s  Staff). 

93  Capt.  Parker  (Gen.  Hancock’s  Staff). 

LOCAL  POINTS 

H  Peach  Orchard.  I  Sherfey’s  House. 

U  Oak  Hill.  V  Pennsylvania  College. 


J  Apple  Orchard. 
W  Bryan’s  House. 


UNION  REFERENCES. 

94  First  Union  Gun,  Calbf’s  (Tidball’s)  Battery,  A,  2d  U.  8. 

95  71st  Pa.  Vols.  (two  Companies). 

96  Army  Head-quarters’  Colors.  a 

97  ^k:  72  Co.  C,  1st  Miun.  Vols.  (Division  Provost  Guard). 

98  8th  Ohio  Vols. 

99  14th  Conn.  Vols. 

100  Brig.-General  Hays,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

101  Ist  Del.  Vols. 

102  12th  N.J.  Vols. 

102-a  125th  N.  Y.  Vols. 

103  “  Limber  ”  belonging  to  Cushing’s  Battery. 

104  Col.  Smyth  (wowrided),  2d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

105  126th  N.  Y.  Vols. 

105-a  111th  N.  Y.  Vola 

106  89th  N.  Y.  Vols. 

107  Wheeler’s  New  York  (Independent)  Battery. 

108  108th  N.  Y.  Vols.  .  ^  _ 

109  Cok  Sherrill  (mortally  wo^mded^,  3d  Bng.,  8d  Div.,  2d  Corps. 

110  Woodruff’s  Battery,  I,  1st  U.  8. 

111  Lieut.  Woodruff  (mortally  wmmded). 

112  Col.  Coulter,  Ist  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  Ist  Co 

113  Arnold’s  Battery,  A,  Ist  R.  L  [detached. 

114  Brig.-General  Robinson,  2d  Div.,  Ist  Corps.  and  asd  Mass  Vols. 

115  Col.  Smith,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  11th  Corps,  (56th,  73d  Ohio,  186th  N.  Y.  Y  .),  fYols.') 

116  Col.  Morgan  (^Chlef  of  Gen.  Hancock’s  Sta^.  on+h  Pa  and  12th  Mass 

117  Brig.-GeneralBAXTBR,2dBrig.,  2d  Div.,  Ist  Corps,  (97th,  83d  N.Y.,  88th,  90th  Pa-,  ana  iztn  ua  . 

118  Martin’s  Battery,  F,  6th  U.  S. 

119  Major-General  Howard,  11th  Corps, 

120  Brig.-General  Stelnwehr,  2d  Div.,  11th  Corps, 

1 2  0-a  Brig.-General  Schuez,  3d  Div.,  11th  Corps. 

121  Col.  Tompkins,  Chief  6th  Corps  Artillery. 

122  Major  Osborne,  Chief  11th  Corps  Artillery. 

123  McCartney’s  Mass.  Battery. 

124  Sutler’s  Battery,  G,  2d  U.  S. 

125  Sergeant  Trevor,  with  two  guns  of  Wier’s  Battery,  C,  6th  U.  B. 

LOCAL  POINTS. 

K  Cordora’s  House.  L  Emmettsbnrg  Road. 

X  Town  of  Gettysburg.  Y  Taneytown  Road.  (See  A.) 


[Vols.) 

lorps,  (107th  Pa.,  16th  Me.,  94th,  104th  N.  Y.,  and  18th  Maas. 


li 

Z 


Copse  of  trees. 
Cemetery. 


CONFEDERATE  REFERENCES. 

150  Garnett’s  Brig.,  (8th,  18th,  19th,  28th,  and  66th  Va.  Reg’ts.) 

151  Weight’s  Brig.,  (3d,  22d,  48th  Ga.  Reg’ts.,  and  2d  Battalion.) 

152  Garnett’s  Artillery — Mauein’s  and  Lewis’s  Batteries. 

153  Armistead’s  Brig.,  (9th,  14th,  38th,  53d,  and  57th  Ya.  Reg’ts.)  ,  aa  • 

154  &  149  Poague’s  Artillery — Vozatt’s,  Geaham’b,  Ward’s,  and  Brooks  Battenes. 

155  Brig.-General  Pettigrew  (woMMdeif).  ,  y.  .a  a 

1 56  Scales’  (Col.  Lourance’s)  Brig.,  (ISth,  16th,  22d,  84th,  and  88th  N.  C.  Reg  ts.) 

157  Pbgram’s  Artillery— Manye’b,''Brandbb’s,  Zimmerman’s,  and  McGraw  s  Batteries. 

158  Maj. -General  Trimble  (wownded). 

158-a  Lane’s  Artillery— Ross’,  Wingfield’s,  and  Patterson’s  Batteries. 

159  McIntosh’s  Artillery — Rice’s,  Johnson’s,  and  Hart’s  Batteries.  ,  t.  a  .. 

1 60  Archer’s  (Col.  Frye’s)  Brig..  (1st,  7th,  14th  Tenn.,  13th  Ala.  Eeg’ts,  and  6th  Ala.  Battalion.) 


CONFEDERATE  REFERENCES. 

161  Happ’s  Battery.  162  Smith’s  Battery.  163  W atson’s  Battery. 

1 64  First  Confederate  gun. 

165  Cunningham’^8  Battery.  A,  ay  «  .a  \ 

166  Pettigrew’s  (Ool.  Marshall’s)  Brig.,  (11th,  26th,  47th,  and  52d  N.  C.  Reg  ts.) 

1 67  Lane’s  Brig.,  (7th,  18th,  28th,  33cL,  and  37th  N.  C.  Reg’ts.) 

168  Thomas’s  Brig.,  (14th,  86th,  45th,  and  49th  Ga.  Reg’ts.) 

1 69  Davis’s  Brig.,  (2d,  11th,  42d  Miss.,  and  55th  N.  C.  Reg'ts.) 

- a - AY - AY.,.  TT,-„ 

171 

172 

173 

174 


s,  Parker’s,  Jordan’s,  and  Woolfolk’s  Bat  s.  i  ""["’  "Iyo-aWs  6^  and  Brooks’  Batteries.  i  archer  s  *  rye  b;  i>ng..  —  - -  '  •  *  - *- 

)  <■  ««  fhia  Faintine-  wiU  be  found  in  the  Index  to  tbe  DESCEIPTIVE  KEY,  preceded  by  the  number  indicating  its  position  on  the  Painting,  and  followed  hy  reference  to  the  pages  describing  it. 

The  name  of  every  Brigade,  Regiment,  Battery,  and  Officer  represented  on  this  Painting  wiH  be  tountt  in  tae  xauex  w  _ _ _ _ 


Armstrong  Guns  on  Oak  Hill.  ,  ,  xy-o  y 

M'Gowah’s  (Col.  Perrin’s)  Brig.,  (1st,  12th,  18th,  lAth  S.  C.  Reg  ts,  and  Orr  s  Rifles.) 
Brokbnborough’s  Brig.,  (40th,  47th,  55th  Va.  Reg’ts,  and  22d  Battalion). 

Ramseur’s  Brig.,  (2d,  4th,  14th,  and  30th  H.  C.  Reg’ts.) 

Confederate  prisoners. 


DESCEIPTION  OF  THE  PAINTING 


OF  THE 

Repulse  of  Longstreet’s  Assault 


PAINTED  BY  JAMES  WALKER. 


HISTORICAL  ARRANGEMENT  AND  DESCRIPTION 


By  JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  A.  M., 

Author  of  the  “  Isometeical  Drawing  of  the  Getttsbueo  Battle-Field.” 


Nat)  Dork: 

PUBLISHED  BY  JOHN  B.  BACHELDER, 


59  BEEKMAN  STREET. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1370,  by 
JOHN  B.  BACHELDER, 

In  the  Clerk’s  OlBce  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern 

District  of  New  York. 


ALTORD,  PRINTER. 


OOI^TEI^TS 


PAGE 

Description  op  the  Painting  .......  1-24 

General  Armistead  .........  9-10 

Major-General  Meade  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .10 

General  Hancock  (wounded)  .  .  .  .  .  .  .11 

General  Gibbon  (wounded)  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .11 

Webb’s  Brigade  .........  11-13 

Hall’s  Brigade  .........  13-14 

Harrow’s  Brigade  .........  14 

Artillery  ..........  14-17 

Stannard’s  Brigade  .........  15 

Hays’  Division — Smyth’s,  Sherrill’s,  and  Carroll’s  Brigades  .  .  .  16 

Robinson’s  Division — Coulter’s  and  Baxter’s  Brigades  .  .  .  .17 

General  Howard  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .17 

Steinwehr’s  Division— Smith’s  Brigade  .  .  .  .  .  .17 

ScHURz’s  Division  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .17 

Eleventh  Corps  Artillery  .  .  .  .  .  .  .17 

Foreground  Formation  ........  18-19 

General  Birney  .........  19 

General  Ward  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  •  .19 

Berdan’s  Brigade  .........  19 

General  Newton  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .19 

Doubleday’s  Division — Rowley’s  and  Dana’s  Brigades  ....  19-20 

Brigades  of  De  Trobriand,  Madill,  Eustis,  and  Shaler  ...  20 

Humphrey’s  Division — Carr’s,  Brewster’s  and  Burling’s  Brigades  .  .  20-21 

Caldwell’s  Division — McKeene’s,  Kelley’s,  Frazer’s,  and  Brooke’s  Brigades  .  21 

McGilvery’s  Brigade  of  Reserve  Artillery  .  .  .  .  .21 

Wright’s  Division — Torbert’s  Brigade  .  .  .  .  .  .21 

Barnes’s  Division — Sweitzer’s  and  Rice’s  Brigades  .  .  .  .22 

Crawford’s  Division — McCandless’s  Brigade  .....  22 

Wheaton’s  Division — Bartlett’s  (Upton’s),  and  Nevins’s  Brigades  .  *  .  22 

Ayres’  Division — Day’s,  Burbank’s,  Garrard’s  (Weed’s)  Brigades  .  .  22 

Tilton’s  Brigade  .........  23 

Fisher’s  Brigade  .........  23 

General  Howe  .........  23 

Grant’s  Brigade  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  •  .23 

Russell’s  Brigade  .........  23 

Khj’atrick’s  Division  (Cavalry) — Farnsworth’s  and  Merritt’s  Brigades  .  24 

Custer’s  Brigade  ...  ......  24 

Third  Day  of  the  Battle  ........  25-34 

Formation  op  Confederate  Line  of  Battle  .....  25-28 

Position  of  Confederate  Artillery  ......  28-29 

The  Cannonade  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .29 

The  Assault  and  Repulse  ........  30-34 

Compiler’s  Statement  35-37 

ISOMETRICAL  DRAWING  .  .  .  .  .  •  .  .  38 

Letters  (Testimonial)  .  ......  39 

Origin  and  History  of  the  Paintino  ......  40 

Engraving  41 

History  of  the  Battle  ........  42 

Prices  of  ditto  .........  43 

Summary  of  Gettysburg  Publications  ......  44 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2019  with  funding  from 
Getty  Research  Institute 


https://archive.org/details/descriptionofpaiOObach 


PREFA.CE. 


The  following  pages  liave  been  abstracted  from  the  De- 
SCELPTIVE  Key  of  the  Painting  of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg, 
ibr  the  convenience  of  such  persons  as  merely  wish  a  descrip¬ 
tion  of  the  painting  itself,  witb  the  formation  of  the  troops 
engaged,  and  a  brief  account  of  their  movements  during  the 
“  Attack  and  Repulse  of  Longstreet’s  Assault.” 

With  a  fair  amount  of  study,  aided  by  the  Outline  Key  in 
the  front  of  the  work,  the  proximate  position  of  every  regi¬ 
ment  or  battery  located  on  the  part  of  the  field  represented 
can  be  determined. 

The  Deschiptive  Key,  of  which  this  description  of  the 
painting  forms  a  part,  embraces,  in  addition,  an  account  of 
the  local  features  of  the  field,  and  gives  a  brief  narrative  of 
the  battle  from  its  commencement.  It  also  has  an  Appendix, 
containing  letters  from  officers  and  extracts  from  Union  and 
Confederate  reports  (never  before  published),  showing  the 
authority  for  every  feature  of  the  painting.  The  whole  is 
followed  by  a  very  complete  and  carefully  compiled  alphabet¬ 
ical  Index  of  every  Corps,  Division,  Brigade,  Regiment,  Bat¬ 
tery,  and  Officer  mentioned  in  the  work ;  indicating  not  only 
the  page,  but,  aided  by  the  Outline  Key,  the  position  on  the 
painting. 

This  will  be  invaluable  to  suck  as  possess  the  engraving ; 
and  will  be  highly  appreciated  by  the  student  of  history. 

It  is  published  in  two  styles.  In  plain  muslin  binding, 
without  illustrations,  except  the  Outline  Key.  Also,  a  Fine 
Edition,  printed  on  heavy  toned-paper,  elaborately  bound, 
gilt,  beveled  boards,  gilt  edges,  and  illustrated  with  fourteen 
beautifully  engraved  steel  portraits  of  general  officers. 


It  is  the  exciting  scene  of  the  repulse  which  the  proprietor 
has  chosen  for  illustration,  and  which  Mr.  Walker  has  so  accu¬ 
rately  and  graphically  rej)resented.  A  word  of  explanation  is 
here  due  the  artist  who  has  executed  this  painting.  It  differs 
materially  from  ordinary  scenes  of  this  kind.  Usually,  the 
painter,  having  a  few  leading  incidents  of  a  battle  in  his  mind, 
clothes  the  picture  with  the  mystery  of  color  and  effect,  and 
gives  an  imaginary,  rather  than  a  literal  rendition  of  the  sub¬ 
ject.  But,  in  the  production  of  this  picture,  Mr.  Walker  has 
endeavored  to  weave  into  an  harmonious  whole,  the  prominent 
incidents  and  episodes  of  this  portion  of  the  battle,  and  has 
never  resorted  to  fiction,  when  truth  would  do  as  well.  No 
stretch  of  the  imagination  has  been  indulged  in.  The  material 
for  its  composition  has  been  furnished  him  by  me  and  arranged 
under  my  direction,  and  should  any  mistakes  have  been  made, 
they  are  mine  ;  not  his.®  The  artistic  rendering  of  the  subject 
is  due  to  the  genius  of  Mr.  Walker  ;  that  the  execution  is 
highly  artistic,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  effect  has  been  sacrificed 
in  many  instances  to  accuracy,  the  ablest  art  critics  have 
acknowledged. 

It  was  the  earnest  desire  and  purpose  of  the  proprietor  of 
this  painting  to  avoid  the  stereotyped  style  of  battle  pictures 


a.  Allow  me  to  say  to  the  reader  that  I  shall  esteem  it  a  favor  if  any  participant 
in  the  battle  will  point  out  to  me  any  error  in  the  position  of  the  troops,  or  in  the 
accompanying  description  of  their  movements ;  that  the  former  may  be  corrected 
on  the  ENGRAVING,  and  the  latter  in  the  text  before  the  publication  of  my  history 
of  the  battle;  as  it  is  my  earnest  desire  to  publish  a  strictly  accurate  account  of 
the  en'rauement. 


8 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


taught  us  in  our  earliest  school-books  and  other  illustrated 
works,  and  kept  up  during  the  war  by  the  illustrated  papers, 
'  and  not  unfrequently  indulged  in  even  now  by  some  would-be 
battle-scene  painters  of  the  present  day.  Such  pictures  and 
paintings,  in  which  giants  in  stature  struggle  in  fierce  hand-to- 
hand  conflicts,  bayoneting,  or  dashing  each  other’s  brains  out, 
may  possibly  resemble  the  conflicts  of  the  middle  ages ;  certain¬ 
ly  they  do  not  illustrate  the  general  features  of  modern  battles. 
Isolated  instances  of  men  being  bayoneted  may  have  occurred, 
— there  is  only  one  which  now  occurs  to  me  (that  of  the  death 
of  Colonel  Jeffers,  of  the  Fourth  Michigan  volunteers,  bayo¬ 
neted  while  defending  his  colors  against  the  attack  of  Wof¬ 
ford’s  brigade,  on  the  evening  of  July  2)  on  record,  in  the  re¬ 
ports  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg ;  but  such  rare  occurrences 
do  not  form  an  entire  battle,  and  no  artist  is  warranted  in  thus 
educating  the  public  into  a  false  idea  of  modern  battles.  My 
purpose  has  been  to  present  a  truthful  representation  of  an 
American  battle,  with  American  soldiers  contending,  as  they 
did  actually  contend. 

It  was  also  my  desire  that  the  troops  of  no  one  State  should 
receive  any  undue  prominence ;  and,  in  the  painting,  all  are 
represented  with  equal  fairness.  When  General  Lee  called  for 
troops  to  storm  the  heights  of  Gettysburg,  the  sons  of  Virginia, 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  Tennessee,  Arkansas,  and  Texas,  responded,  and 
moved  shoulder  to  shoulder  to  the  assault.  And,  when  the  na¬ 
tion’s  life  was  thus  assailed,  her  defenders  from  every  Northern 
State  sprang  to  the  rescue ;  and  mingled  their  blood  in  one  com¬ 
mon  cause.  Side  by  side,  New  York  and  Massachusetts  charged 
on  the  foe ;  the  sons  of  Maine  and  Minnesota,  Connecticut  and 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware,  New  Hampshire  and 
Vermont,  Ohio  and  jMichigan,  Rhode  Island  and  Maryland, 
Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  Indiana  and  West- Virginia,  together 


FOREGROUND  OF  THE  PAINTING. 


9 


rushed  to  the  threatened  point.  In  a  word,  the  sons  of  every 
Union-loving  State,  and  of  every  European  liberty-loving  na¬ 
tionality,  rallied  under  the  banner,  and  are  equally  entitled  to 
representation  in  this  great  National  Painting  of  the  culmina¬ 
ting  struggle  at  Gettysburg. 

The  success  of  the  effort  I  respectfully  submit  to  the  vet¬ 
erans  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

In  the  selection  of  a  foreground  for  this  painting,  I  chose 
the  point  of  station  from  which  to  best  represent  this  scene ; 
and,  also,  to  give  the  portrait  of  the  field  in  such  a  clear 
manner,  that  the  brave  men  who  fought  on  the  several  days  of 
the  battle  might  point  out  the  localities  of  their  various  en¬ 
gagements.  The  observer  is  supposed  to  be  elevated  in  rear  of 
Cemetery  Ridge,  and  looking  westward  toward  the  Confeder¬ 
ate  position. 

In  the  immediate  foreground  of  the  painting  are  represented 
the  colors  of  Webb’s  and  Hall’s  brigades,  with  the  color- 
guard  and  head-quarters  horses. 

The  group  at  the  immediate  left  is  formed  of  the  figures 
of  Brigadier-General  Armistead  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Martin,^^^  of  the  Confederate  army.  Captain  Bingham,^" 
judge-advocate,  on  Major-General  Hancock’s  staff,  and  the 
men  who  have  been  bearing  the  wounded  general  to  the  rear. 
General  Armistead  was  among  the  first  to  leap  the  stone  wall 
at  the  Union  line.®^  As  he  did  so,  he  drew  his  sword,  placed 
his  hat  upon  its  point,  raised  it  aloft  and  cried,  Boys, 
we  must  use  the  cold  steel ;  who  will  follow  me  ?”  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Martin  of  the  53d  Virginia  and  a  few  score  of  men 

a.  69th, 78  71st, 89  72(1,83  and  106th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  The  latter 
regiment,  except  one  company,  was  ordered  to  report  to  Major-General  Howard, 
at  the  Cemetery,  on  the  night  of  the  2d,  where  it  remained  until  the  close  of  the 
battle. 

1.  7th  Michigan, 69  19th  and  20th  Massachusetts,!!,  68  42d  and  59th  New  York 

volunteers.  73,  67 


10 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


sprang  after  him  over  the  wall.  They  advanced  but  a  few  paces 
when  they  were  shot  down ;  Armistead  mortally,  and  Maetiit 
seriously  wounded.  General  Armistead  surrendered  his  sword 
and  pistols  to  Captain  Banes,®®  of  General  Webb’s  staff,  who 
directed  him  to  be  carried  to  the  rear.  He  was  soon  after  met 
by  Captain  Bingham,  of  General  Hancock’s  staff,  just  returning 
from  having  a  wound  dressed  at  the  hospital.  Seeing  the 
prisoner  to  be  an  officer  of  rank,  and  evidently  suffering  and 
nearly  exhausted,  he  proffered  his  assistance.  General 
Armistead  gave  his  watch  and  spurs  to  Captain  Bingham, 
requesting  him  to  send  them  to  his  friends  through  General 
Hancock.*  (^See  Painting?) 

To  the  right  of  the  central  group  ®®’  ®®  is  seen  the  figure 
of  Major-General  George  G.  Meade,®®  the  commander-in-chief 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  accompanied  by  his  son,  and  1st 
Lieut.  B.  S.  McKenzie.*'  When  the  assault  began  he  was  at 
Major-General  Slocum’s  head-quarters,  on  Power’s  Hill,  a  half 
mile  to  the  rear,  near  Culp’s  Hill,  but  reached  this  position  on 
the  field  as  it  was  repulsed."  Major  Mitchell,®®  aid-de-camp 
to  Major-General  Hancock,  met  him,*^  and  reported  that  officer 


a.  I  learned  the  full  particulars  of  this  assault  from  Lieutenant-Colonel  R.  W. 
Martin,  while  he  was  lying  wounded  in  the  hospital  at  Gettysburg,  including  th© 
movements  of  General  Armistead  with  whom  he  advanced  engaged  in  conver¬ 
sation,  from  Seminary  Ridge.  From  Captain  Banes  of  General  Webb’s  staif,  I 
gathered  the  particulars  of  his  surrender.  Captain  Banes  received  his  sword  and 
pistols  (which  had  not  been  fired),  and  sent  him  to  the  rear  of  the  line,  where  he 
was  met  by  Captain  Henry  II.  Bingham,  judge-advocate,  on  General  Hancock’s 
staif.  From  Captain  Bingham,  I  derived  full  particulars  of  his  interview  with 
General  Armistead.  After  receiving  the  valuables  w'hich  General  Armistead 
wished  to  send  to  his  family  and  a  private  message,  he  directed  him  to  be  taken 
to  a  hospital  in  the  rear.  I  subsequently  met  D.  G.  Brinton,  surgeon,  in  charge 
of  the  2d  division,  11th  corps’s  hospital,  who  dressed  his  wounds.  Doctor  Brin¬ 
ton  said  he  was  very  much  depressed  in  spirits,  though  neither  of  his  wounds  were 
mortal ;  one  being  in  the  leg  below  the  knee,  and  the  other,  a  flesh-wound  in  the 
arm.  Notwithstanding  which  he  died  two  days  afterward. 

Z>.  General  AVebb’s  letter,  and  also  Major-General  Meade’s  letter. 

c.  See  Major-General  Meade’s  letter,  in  the  Appendix. 

d.  Major  Mitchell’s  letter,  in  the  Appendix. 


HANCOCK  AND  GIBBON.  H 

seriously  wounded.  He  also  bore  a  report  of  the  state  of  the 
engagement  from  General  Hancock. 

General  Hancock  was  with  Caldwell’s  division,^  at  the 

extreme  left  of  his  line,  when  the  cannonade  began.  He  rode 

during  this  terrible  firing  along  his  entire  front  to  Woodruff’s 

battery  on  his  right.  lie  knew  with  the  instinct  of  a  true 

soldier  what  was  to  follow  the  bombardment,  and  he  exhorted 

his  officers  and  men  to  be  in  readiness  to  resist  the  grand 

assault.  Returning  to\vard  the  left,  while  passing  the  right 

of  the  14th  Vermont  volunteers,®'^  of  Stannard’s  brigade,  he 

received  a  serious  wound.  He  is  seen^^  in  the  painting  falling 

from  his  horse  near  the  left  of  Stannard’s  works."  He  was 

caught  in  the  arms  of  Lieutenants  Hooker  and  Benedict,  of 

t  General  Stannard’s  staff:®  and  General  Stannard®^  himself, 
S  .  .  .  . 

with  admirable  dexterity,  stanched  the  blood  from  the  terrible 

j  wound  in  the  groin,  or  otherwise  he  would  have  soon  bled  to 

!  death,'’  as  the  surgeons  were  of  course  in  the  rear,  and  one  could 

j  not  for  some  time  be  found.  But  General  Hancock  peremp- 

I  torily  refused  to  be  taken  from  the  field  until  the  contest  was 

'  decided. 

t  General  Gibbon  was  seriously  wounded  in  the  arm  about 
j  the  same  time  that  Hancock  fell.'^  He  was  in  front  of  the 
I  19th  Maine  volunteers,®^  of  Harrow’s  brigade,  when  he  ivas 
i  shot,  attempting  to  wdieel  those  troops  out  of  the  line  to 
:  deliver  a  flank  fire  on  Pickett’s  column.  He  was  taken  from 
ji  the  field  by  Captain  Wessells  of  his  staff.^^  * 
j  Webb’s  brigade  is  represented  immediately  in  advance  of 
'  General  Meade.®®  It  had  been  in  position  at  the  stone  Avail  ^ 
j  in  its  front,  its  left,  the  G9th  Pennsylvania  volunteers,"^®  rest- 

j 

!  a.  Hancock’s  report.  Spot  located  on  the  field  by  General  Hancock. 

■  1.  Stannakd’s  report. 

c.  Private  letters  of  Lieutenant  Benedict  of  General  Stannaed’s  staff. 

d.  Girbon’s  report. 

e.  Verbal  statement  of  General  Gibbon. 


12 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


ing  opposite  the  copse  of  trees  M,  the  line  extending  to  the 
right  along  the  stone  wall  to  the  angle, with  two  companies 
of  the  71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  at  a  wall,  which  is  re¬ 
tired  fifty  yards  from  the  right  of  the  advanced  line.  The  72d 
Pennsylvania  volunteers  lay  in  a  second  line  to  the  right  and 
rear  of  the  copse  M.  The  guns  of  Cushing’s  battery  were  at 
first  in  position  on  the  crest  between  Webb’s  two  lines,  where 
Cushing  was  severely  wounded,  hut  refused  to  leave  the  field. 
When  Pickett  advanced,  he  ran  three  of  his  pieces  down  to  the 
wall  where  they  are  seen  in  the  painting,  and  with  double 
shotted  guns  swept  his  front  with  canister,  opening  great  gaps 
in  the  ranks  of  the  attacking  lines.  While  directing  their  fire 
he  was  shot  in  the  mouth  and  instantly  killed.  Some  of  his 
men  bore  his  body  to  the  rear,  as  seen  in  the  painting.'^® 

Pickett’s  column  after  it  had  been  turned  aside  from  its  at¬ 
tack  on  Stannard’s  brigade  fell  on  Webb’s  brigade. 

General  Webb,  seeing  the  necessity  for  re-enforcements,  had 
meantime  hurried  back  to  the  72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers,®^ 
in  his  second  line,  to  bring  them  into  action ;  but  the  Confeder¬ 
ates  had  advanced  with  the  impetuosity  of  the  whirlwind.  In 
a  moment  the  center  of  Webb’s  front  line,  held  by  a  portion  of 
the  71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,®®  was  swept  from  its  jiosition 
at  the  wall,®^  which  was  instantly  seized  by  the  assailants, 
though  the  blackened  clothes  of  many  of  the  dead  showed  that 
a  portion  at  least  of  the  regiment  had  remained  until  pushed 
from  their  position  by  sheer  force  of  numbers.  The  importance 
of  the  admirable  disposition  of  the  two  right  companies  of  the 
71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  was  now  apparent.  From  their 
retired  position,  lying  securely  protected  behind  a  stone  wall 
■within  point-blank  range,  they,  with  the  left  of  Hays’  divi- 
gioj^^99,ioi,  102  opened  a  deadly  cross-fire,  effectually  preventing 
an  approach  upon  their  works.  All  attempts  of  General  Webb, 
assisted  by  the  remaining  olficers  of  the  regiment  and  by  his 


■WEBB’S  AND  HALL’S  BRIGADES. 


13 


adjutant-general,  Captain  Banes,®®  Lieutenant  Haskell  of  Gen¬ 
eral  Gibbon's  staff,  and  Captain  Parker  of  General  Hancock’s 
staff,  to  bring  forward  the  second  line  failed.  Colonel  Baxter,  of 
the  72d  Pennsylvania,  had  been  badly  wounded  the  previous 
evening,  and  the  regiment  had  suffered  severely  in  officers  and 
men  during  the  cannonade ;  they  opened  however  a  heavy  fire 
of  musketry  from  the  crest,  which  contributed  very  materially  to 
the  repulse  of  the  attack.  Failing  to  secure  the  advance  of 
the  72d,  General  Webb  hurried  again  to  the  69th  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  volunteers,'^®  which  he  found  still  fighting  manfully,  and 
holding  its  own  on  the  left,  although  numbers  of  Confederates 
had  already  gained  the  copse  of  trees  in  their  rear.  This  regi- 
i  ment  lost  heavily  in  officers  and  men;  Colonel  O’Kane  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Schudy  were  killed  and  Major  Duffy  was 
wounded. 

,j 

j  Colonel  Hall’s  brigade  is  represented  massing  on  General 
Webb’s  left;  its  gallant  leader  can  be  seen  directing  its  move- 
!  ments.^^®  It  had  been  formed  on  a  prolongation  of  Webb’s 

,  lines,  with  three  regiments  in  the  front  line,  protected  by 
a  slight  work  of  earth  and  rails,  and  two  in  the  second  line, 

I  on  the  left  of  Borty’s  battery,^^  which  occupied  the  crest. 

!  Brown’s  battery^®  had  been  in  position  between  Borty’s  and 
!  Cushing’s.®'  ^ 

As  General  Hancock  rode  in  front  of  the  19th  Massachu- 
I  setts,  which,  with  the  42d  New  York  volunteers,  formed  Hall’s 
second  line.  Colonel  Devereux  of  the  former  regiment  went  to 

j  a.  The  above  account  has  been  abstracted  from  General  Webb’s  report,  and  a 

■  private  letter  in  my  possession  written  by  him  to  bis  wife  two  days  after  the  bat- 
’  tie,  the  whole  arrangement  having  been  made  on  the  canvas,  at  my  request,  by 
General  Webb,  assisted  by  several  members  of  bis  staff;  the  painting  being 
finished  by  bis  approval  after  revisiting  the  field  at  Gettysburg. 

J.  I  have  in  my  possession  a  diagram  drawn  by  Colonel  Hall,  showing  the 
position  of  his  regiments,  and  previous  to  bis  death  be  visited  Mr.  Walker’s 
studio,  and  with  other  officers  of  bis  command,  superintended  their  arrangement 
on  the  painting. 


14 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY, 


him  and  asked  permission  to  move  up  and  engage  the  troops 
then  advancing  on  Webb.  Receiving  permission  to  do  so/ 
these  two  regiments hurried  to  Webb’s  relief,  as  seen  in  the 
painting,  passing  in  rear  of  the  copse  of  trees  M  ;  and  imme¬ 
diately  afterward  Colonel  Hall  ordered  the  7th  Michigan  and 
20th  Massachusetts  to  “break  from  their  right  to  the  rear” 
and  move  rapidly  to  the  same  place,  which  was  done  with  re¬ 
markable  promptness,  during  which  Lieutenant-Colonel  Steele, 
commanding  the  7th  Michigan,  was  killed.  The  59th  New  York 
volunteers  remained  at  the  works  in  the  front  line,^  and 
Harrow’s  brigade,  with  the  20th  New  York  S.  M.,^^  and  the 
151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  ^  follo^ved  the  course  of  Hall’s 
regiments,  and  charged  up  to  the  trees,  the  two  latter  regiments 
passing  in  front  of  them.  During  this  movement  regimental 
organizations  were  completely  lost ;  the  colors  were  pushed 
indiscriminately  to  the  front  follow^ed  by  the  enthusiastic 
men.*’  The  13th  and  16th  Vermont  volunteers,  of  Stannard’s 
brigade,  moved  to  their  right,  “changed  front  forward,”  and 
opened  fire  on  Pickett’s  right  flank.®^’ 

Harrow’s  brigade,  composed  of  the  82d  New  York,®®  19th 
Maine,®^  15th  Massachusetts,®^  and  1st  Minnesota  volunteers,®® 
occupied  a  position  on  the  left  of  Hall’s  front  line,  with  the 
20th  New  York  S.  M.,®^  and  the  151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  ^ 
(of  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  1st  corps,  General  Rowley)  on 
its  left ;  in  the  painting  all  of  these  troops  are  seen  moving  up 
to  Webb’s  support.'^  The  position  occupied  by  Brown’s  battery 

a.  General  Hancock's  report.  This  movement  was  fully  explained  on  the  field 
at  Gettysburg,  in  the  summer  of  1869,  by  General  AVebb,  Colonels  Devekeux  and 
Baxter,  Captain  Banes,  and  many  other  officers  of  rank  engaged  in  the  immediate 
vicinity. 

i.  Statement  of  Colonel  Haul. — See  Colonel  Macy’s  letter,  also  report  of  59th 
New  York  volunteers. 

c.  See  reports  of  General  Harrow,  and  also  reports  of  15th  Massachusetts,  1st 
Minnesota  volunteers,  20th  New  Y^ork  State  militia,  and  151st  Pennsylvania  volun¬ 
teers. 

cl.  Generals  Gibbon’s  and  Harrow’s  reports. 


FLANK  ATTACK  ON  THE  LEFT. 


15 


B,  1st  Rhode  Island,^  has  been  vacated,®  but  Rorty’s  battery 

B,  1st  New  York/^  is  represented  at  the  left  and  rear  of 
Harrow’s  brigade.  Still  further  to  the  left  is  Thomas’s  battery 

C,  4th  U.  and  McGilvery’s  brigade  of  reserve  artillery^® 
(1st  brigade),  composed  of  Thompson’s  G  and  F,  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  (independent),  Phillips’  5th  Massachusetts,  Hart’s  15th 
New  York  (independent).  Sterling’s  1st  Connecticut,  Cooper’s 
B,  1st  Pennsylvania,  Dow’s  6th  Maine,  and  Ames’  G,  New 
York,  batteries;^  while  further  yet  is  the  5th  corps  artillery, 
under  its  chief.  Captain  Martin,  of  which  Rittenhouse’s  bat¬ 
tery  D,  5th  U.  S.,®^  is  engaged  on  Little  Round  Top 

Stannard’s  brigade  is  represented  immediately  over  and  in 
front  of  Harrow’s  brigade,  and  at  right  angles  to  it;  the  right 
of  its  line,  the  13th  Vermont  volunteers,®^  has  ceased  firing  to 
allow  prisoners  to  pass  to  the  rear.  It  had  been  in  position 
fifty  yards  in  advance  of  Harrow’s  left,  and  lay  along  a  slight 
earth-work  with  one  regiment®®  to  the  left  of  the  clump  of 
trees,  where  it  remained  when  the  others  moved.  The  right  of 
Longstreet’s  column  of  attack  was  aimed  toward  this  brigade, 
and  continued  to  advance  until  it  reached  the  flat  ground  in 
its  front,  w^hen  receiving  a  sweeping  flank  fire  from  McGil¬ 
very’s  brigade  of  artillery,^®  ^  and  possibly  discovering  the 
formidable  front  presented  by  Stannard’s  brigade,  supported 
by  the  balance  of  Doubleday’s  division^®  in  its  rear,  it 
veered  off  to  the  Hnion  right,  and  advanced  upon  Webb’s 
brigade.-^  Immediately  Stannard’s  whole  brigade  rose  from 


a.  Captain  Hazard’s  report. 

h.  General  Hunt’s  and  Major  McGilvert’s  reports. 
e.  General  Hunt’s  and  Captain  Martin’s  reports. 

d.  Lieutenant  Hazlett,  commander  of  this  battery,  was  killed  the  evening 
before. 

e.  Major  McGilvery’s  report;  report  of  Scale’s  brigade;  General  Lane’s 
report. 

/.  General  Newton’s  report;  General  Stannard’s  report;  Colonel  Gates’ 

report  (20th  New  York  State  militia). 

* 


i 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

its  works  and  poured  a  murderous  fire  upon  Pickett’s  right 
flank."' 

Arnold’s  battery  A,  1st  Rhode  Island/^®  had  been  in 
position  on  the  crest  at  the  right  of  Cushing’s  battery  A,  4th 
U.  but  having  been  seriously  disabled,  it  is  represented 
retiring  from  the  field,  drawn  off  by  the  men.^ 

On  the  right  of  this  battery  lay  Hays’  command,  3d  division, 
2d  corps.  The  2d  brigade,  Smyth’s,  composed  of  the  14th 
Connecticut,®^  1st  Delaware,^®^  12th  New  Jersey,^®®  and  108th 
New  York  volunteers,^®®  w^as  at  the  stone  wall ;  and  the  10th 
New  York  volunteers  acting  as  provost  guard ;  and  to  its 
right  was  the  3d  brigade,  Sherrill’s,'"  composed  of  the 
125th,^®®“'‘  lllth,^°^‘‘  126th,^®®  and  39th  New  York  volun¬ 
teers,^®®  with  its  left  overlapping  Smyth,  and  its  right  extending 
beyond'^  Bryan’s  house  W.  General  Hay"s,^®®  stripped  to  the 
shirt,  is  seen  bringing  up  and  fighting  his  troops."  Colonel 
Smy’th  ^®^  was  wounded  by  an  exploding  shell,  as  shown  near 
Bryan’s  house.  Beyond  the  house  in  the  grove.  Colonel  Sher¬ 
rill^®®  is  being  borne,  mortally  wounded,  from  the  field.-^ 

Immediately  in  front  of  Hays’  division,  and  at  right  angles 
to  it,  is  the  8th  Ohio  volunteers®®  of  Carroll’s  brigade.^  It 

a.  “  The  12tli  and  15th  Vermont  volunteers  of  this  brigade  were  detached  at 
Einmettsburg  by  order  of  Major-General  Reynolds  to  guard  the  corps  train.  ” 
Lieutenant  Benedict,  aid-de-camp  to  General  Stannard. 

1.  General  Hunt’s  and  Captain  Hazard’s  reports. 

c.  When  the  battle  commenced  this  brigade  was  commanded  by  Colonel 
Willard,  125th  Hew  York  volunteers,  who  was  killed  on  the  evening  of  the  2d. 
After  the  death  of  Colonel  Sderrill  it  was  commanded  by  Colonel  MacDougall, 
111th  Hew  York  volunteers,  who  wms  wounded,  and  the  command  fell  on  Lieu¬ 
tenant-Colonel  Bull,  126th  Hew  York  volunteers. 

d.  See  reports  of  General  Hays,  also  reports  of  111th  and  126th  Hew  York 
volunteers. 

e.  Statements  of  Captain  Wm.  C.  Saville  of  Colonel  Smyth’s  staff. 

f.  General  Hays’  report  and  verbal  statements  of  subordinate  officers. 

g.  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  2d  corps,  composed  of  the  4th  and  8th  Ohio,  7th 
Virginia  (Union),  and  14th  Indiana  volunteers.  Colonel  Carroll  was  ordered  to 
report  to  Major-General  Howard  on  the  evening  of  the  2d  with  three  regiments, 
where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  battle. 


FLANK  ATTACK  ON  THE  RIGHT.  ]_'7' 

had  been  on  the  skirmish  line  with  its  reserves  on  the  Em- 
mettsbiirg  road.  When  Pettigrew  advanced  on  its  left,  Colonel 
Sawyer,  instead  of  falling  back,  changed  front  forward  on 
left  company,”  and  opened  fire.® 

Woodruff’s  battery,  I,  1st  U.  was  engaged  in  the  grove 
at  the  right  of  Bryan’s  house  W.  Its  commander,  after  having 
Avon  the  encomiums  of  his  superiors  for  the  gallantry  and 
efiiciency  with  -which  he  served  his  guns,  Avas,  at  the  moment 
of  victory,^  stricken  doAvn^^^  in  death. 

On  the  right.  General  Bobinson^^^  is  seen  moving  his  com¬ 
mand,  2d  division,  2d  corps,  up  to  the  support  of  General  Hays,® 
Colonel  Coulter’s  brigade  ^  having  the  adA^ance,  folloAved  by 
General  Baxter’s  brigade.^^^®  General  Howard^^®  ordered  this 
movement  to  be  covered  by  Smith’s  brigade,^^®-^  Avhich  opened 
a  brisk  fire  of  musketry. 

At  the  same  time  the  skirmish  line  of  General  Schurz’s 
division  (3d),  11th  corps,  nobly  engaged  the  sharp-shooters  of 
Bodes’  division  in  the  edge  of  the  toAvn.'^ 

The  artillery  on  Cemetery  Hill  Z,  under  Major  Osborne,^-^ 
chief  of  artillery  of  the  11th  corps,  is  seen  on  the  right  of  the 
picture,  pouring  Amlleys  of  canister  into  the  flank  of  the  assault¬ 
ing  column.'^ 

a.  Reports  of  Colonel  Sawyer,  8tli  Ohio  volunteers,  and  General  Lane,  North 
Carolina  brigade.  See  Appendix. 

5.  Captain  Hazard’s  report.  See  Appendix. 

c.  See  General  Newton’s  report. 

d.  1st  brigade.  Coulter’s,  was  composed  of  the  107th  Pennsylvania,  94th  and 
104th  New  York,  IGth  Maine,  and  13th  Massachusetts  volunteers. 

e.  2d  brigade,  Baxter’s,  Avas  composed  of  the  97th  and  83d  New  York,  12th 
Massachusetts,  and  88th  and  90th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  Positions  and  explana¬ 
tions  given  by  Generals  Robinson  and  Coulter,  on  the  field  at  Gettysburg. 

f.  2d  brigade,  2d  division,  11th  corps,U5  composed  of  the  both  and  73d  Ohio, 
ISGth  New  York,  and  33d  Massachusetts  volunteers,  of  Steinwehr’sI^o  (2d)  divi¬ 
sion,  11th  corps.  The  33d  Massachusetts  volunteers  were  detached  from  the  bri¬ 
gade,  and  were  in  position  on  the  right  of  the  corps. 

<j.  Reports  of  General  Sciiurz  and  General  Rodes. 

7i.  Reports  of  Generals  Howard  and  Steinwehe,  and  Major  Osborne. 


18 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


Prominent  in  the  right  foreground  is  Wheeler’s  battery 
13th  New  York  (independent),  which  is  going  to  the  front,  two 
guns  having  already  opened." 

A  large  number  of  prisoners  are  seen^^^  coming  in  imme¬ 
diately  on  Wheeler’s  right,^  beyond  which  two  guns  of  Wier’s 
battery,^^®  C,  5th  U.  S.,  under  Sergeant  Trevor,  are  going 
into  position.'’ 

Colonel  Morgan,^^®  chief  of  General  Hancock’s  stalf,  has 
brought  up  Martin’s  (F,  5th  U.  S.)  and  Butler’s  (G,  2d 
U.  S.)  regular  batteries  from  the  6th  corps  artillery.'^ 

Colonel  Tompkins,^^^  chief  of  the  6th  corps  artillery, 
with  the  remaining  batteries  led  by  McCartney’s  Massa¬ 
chusetts/^^  is  on  the  Taneytown  road  Y  (at  the  right  of 
the  painting),  directing  the  relief  of  batteries  on  Cemetery 
Hill/ 

Captain  Hazard,^*’  chief  of  the  2d  corps  artillery,  the 
mounted  officer  in  the  center  of  the  left  foreground,  is  direct¬ 
ing  Captain  Cowan  where  to  place  the  battery  which  he 
has  brought  up  to  his  assistance. 

The  spirited  figure  going  to  the  front  beyond  Lieutenant 
Cushing,"'^  is  Captain  Farrell, Company  C,  1st  Minnesota 
volunteers.  He  commanded  the  division  provost-guard  which 
had  been  deployed  in  rear  of  the  line.  AVhen  the  front  line 
■was  penetrated  he  assembled  his  men  (those  wearing  hats 
in  rear  of  Webb’s  and  Hall’s  brigades),  and  led  them  into  the 
breach.  He  was  killed,  and  a  large  proportion  of  his  men 
were  killed  or  wounded/ 

To  the  left  of  General  Webb®^  is  seen  General  Hunt,*^ 
commanding  the  artillery  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  His 

a.  See  General  Webb’s  report.  5.  See  General  Meade’s  letter. 

c.  See  General  Hunt’s  report.  Statement  of  General  Webb  and  Captain  Hazaed. 

d.  See  Colonel  Morgan’s  letter.  Statement  of  Lieutenant  Butler. 

e.  Statement  of  Colonel  Tompkins.  See  Colonel  Morgan’s  letter. 

f.  Colonel  Colville’s  letter. 


LEFT  FOREGROUND.  19 

horse  was  killed  at  that  point ;  and,  after  extricating  himself, 
he  went  into  the  engagement  with  his  revolvers.'* 

In  the  left  foreground  of  the  painting,  Cowan’s  battery,®^ 
loth  New  York  (independent),  is  represented  going  into  posi¬ 
tion,  to  the  left  of  which  is  Brown’s  battery,  B,  1st  Rhode 
Island, coming  out,  having  exhausted  its  ammunition. 

Immediately  over  this  is  the  figure  of  Gleneral  Gtibbon,^^ 
passing  wounded  to  the  rear,  one  of  his  staff-officers  is  seen 
conveying  the  division  colors^  to  General  Harrow.®® 

At  the  extreme  left,  Fitzhugii’s  battery,  K,  1st  New  York, 
is  going  to  the  front,'^and  over  and  beyond  this,  Major-General 
Birney,®  commanding  3d  corps,  and  Brigadier-General  Ward,^ 
commanding  his  1st  division,  are  represented.  In  their  rear 
are  three  regiments®  (the  3d  Maine,  20th  Indiana,  and  99th 
Pennsylvania)  of  Ward’s  brigade,  sent  to  the  support  of 
General  Webb.®  Colonel  Berdan,^  their  brigade  commander,  is 
moving  up  in  their  front.-''  The  infantry  represented  on  this 
part  of  the  field,  "was  held  in  reserve,  and  was  not  actively 
engaged  in  the  repulse  of  the  assaulting  columns,  though  it 
suffered  severely  from  the  cannonade. 

Major-General  Newton,^®  commanding  1st  corps,  and  Ma¬ 
jor-General  Doubleday,^®  commanding  his  3d  division,  with 
their  staff-officers,  are  immediately  beyond  General  Birney.® 


a.  I  visited  tlie  field  witli  General  Hu>rT,  and  at  my  request,  lie  pointed  out 
the  spot  where  his  horse  was  shot.  See  Captain  Cowan’s  letter. 

h.  General  Hunt’s  and  Captain  Hazard’s  reports. 

c.  Statement  of  General  Gibbon. 

d.  FiTziiuon’s  report. 

e.  Major-General  Birney’s  letter: — 

“  Three  of  my  regiments — 3(1  Maine,  99th  Pennsylvania,  and  20th  Indiana  volunteers — were  sent  to 
support  General  Webb,  General  J.  II.  IIobakt  Ward  commanded  my  1st  division,  and  Colonels  U.  J. 
Madill,  II.  Berdan,  and  Regis  de  Trobriand,  commanded  his  three  brigades. 

Signed  1>.  B.  Biuney, 

Major-General  commanding  3d  corps.” 

f.  2d  brigade,  1st  division,  3d  corps — 3d  and  4tli  Maine,  20th  Indiana,  86th  and 
124th  New  York,  and  OOth  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  the  1st  and  2d  regiments 
U.  S.  sharp-shooters. 


20 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


The  brigade  commanders  of  this  division  are  in  the  vicinity.® 
Brigadier-General  Rowley/^  of  the  1st  brigade,^  is  repre¬ 
sented  to  their  right;  and  over  him,  Colonel  Dana,®  com¬ 
mand  the  2d  brigade while  to  the  right  and  front  of 
Rowley  is  General  Harrow  and  staff,®  1st  brigade,  2d  divi¬ 
sion,  2d  corps,  to  whom  the  colors  of  the  2d  division  are  being 
borne. ^ 

On  the  next  ridge  beyond  and  to  the  left  of  Colonel  Dana,® 
are  Colonels  De  Trobriand  and  Madill,^®  commanding  the 
Sd^^  and  1st®  brigades,  1st  division,  3d  corps.  Moving  up 
in  the  rear  of  these  troops  is  Parsons’  battery.  A,  ^®'‘'‘  1st  New 
Jersey,  which,  with  K,  1st  New  York,^  were  brought  up  by 
Captain  Fitzhugh.-^ 

Further  to  the  left,  and  near  the  extreme  left  of  the  paint¬ 
ing,  Brigadier-General  Eustis^®  has  just  moved  up  with  his 
command ;  2d  brigade,^  3d  division,  6th  corps. 

Beyond,  and  to  the  left  of  Eustis,  is  General  Shaler’^ 
with  the  1st  brigade, 3d  division,  6th  corps. 

To  the  right  of  Shaler,^^  and  on  the  same  parallel,  is 
Brigadier-General  Carr,^®''*  and  his  staff,  commanding  1st  bri- 
gade,"'  2d  division,  3d  corps. 

Immediately  beyond  Carr  is  his  superior  officer,  Major- 
General  Humphreys,®®  commanding  2d  division,  3d  corps. ,  Of 
General  Humphreys’  other  brigade  commanders.  Colonel  Brew- 

a.  For  a  detailed  account  of  the  formation  of  this  part  of  tlie  line,  see  General 
Newton’s  report.  The  1st  division,  1st  corps.  General  Wadsworth,  was  on  Culp’s 
Hill,  and  is  not  seen  on  this  painting. 

h.  121st,  142d,  and  151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  the  20th  New  York  S.  M.5^ 

c.  143d,  149th,  and  150th  Pennsylvania  volunteers. 

d.  3d  and  5th  Michigan,  iTth  Maine,  40th  New-  York,  and  110th  Pennsylvania.i3 

e.  5'7tli,  63d,  CSth,  105th,  and  141st  Pennsylvania  volunteers.^^ 

f.  Parsons’  and  Fitzhugii’s  reports. 

g.  2d  Rhode  Island,  Vth,  10th,  and  87th  M.ossachusetts  volunteers.  ^2 

h.  65th,  67th,  and  122d  New*  York,  23d  and  82d  Pennsylvania  volunteers. 

i.  See  General  Sedgwick’s  report. 

j.  1st,  11th,  and  16th  Massachusetts,  11th  New  Jersey,  12th  New-  Hampshire, 
and  20th  Pennsylvania  volunteers. 


POSITION  OF  TROOPS  ON  THE  LEFT. 


21 


ster/^  commanding  2d  brigade, “  is  seen  immediately  to  tlie 
right,  while  Colonel  Burling,^®  commanding  3d  brigade,^  is  to 
the  left  and  on  the  next  ridge.*’ 

Directly  to  the  right  of  Burling,^®  and  in  front  of  the  grove, 
is  represented  Brigadier-General  Caldwell,^  commanding  1st 
division,  2d  corps,  with  his  four  brigade  commanders  :  Colonels 
Frazer,^'^  3d  brigade;*^  McKeene,^^  1st  brigade;^  Kelly, 2d 
brigade/  and  Brooke,^®  4th  brigade.*^  Major  McGilvery, 
commanding  1st  brigade  artillery  reserve,  is  with  the  artil¬ 
lery^®  at  Caldwell’s  right,  and  in  the  open  field  beyond  are 
shown,  from  left  to  right,  Brigadier-General  Torbert,^  1st 
brigade,^*  1st  division,  6th  corps,  and  Brigadier-General 
Wright,^®  1st  division,  6th  corps,  with  their  staff  officers. 
Immediately  to  the  right  of  these  groups,  and  in  front  of  the 
grove,  is  Brigadier-General  Barnes,®^  commanding  1st  division, 

a.  1st,  2d,  3d,  4th,  and  5th  Excelsior,  and  120th  New  York  volunteers. 2i 

1).  2d  New  Hampshire,  5th,  6th,  7th,  and  8th  New  Jersey,  and  115th  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  voliinteers.13 

c.  Extract  from  General  IIiiMPnREYs’  report; — 

“  My  division  was  moved  rapidly  to  the  right  and  formed  in  mass  (20)  in  rear  and  support  of  the  left  of 
the  2d  corps  (Caldwell’s  division),  (23)  *  *  *  Several  batteries  being  in  position  in  my  front.”  (2C) 

Extract  from  private  letter : — 

“  I  have  placed  the  position  of  each  of  my  brigades  in  pencil  on  the  map — that  is  the  position  they  occu¬ 
pied  on  the  afternoon  of  July  3.  My  first  brigade  was  commanded  by  Brigadier-General  J.  B.  CARK(19-b) 
My'Second  by  Colonel  William  B.  Brewster  (21),  and  my  third  by  Colonel  Georoe  C.  Burling  (19). 

“A.  A.  Humphreys,  Major-General  United  States  Volunteers, 

“  Commanding  second  division,  third  corps.” 

d.  52d,  57th,  and  66th  New  York,  and  140th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.22 

e.  5th  New  Hampshire,  61st  New  York,  81st  and  148th  Pennsylvania  volun- 
teers.2l 

f.  28th  Massachusetts,  63d,  69th,  and  88th  New  York  (consolidated),  and  the 
116th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.^Aa 

g.  2d  Delaware,  27ih  Connecticut,  64th  New  Y’ork,  53d  and  145th  Pennsylvania 

volunteers.28 

The  positions  of  Caldwell’s  four  brigades  were  given  me  by  each  of 
its  brigade  commanders,  corroborated  by  General  Caldwell  while  visiting  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  three  last  lay  at  the  works  between  the  guns  of 
MoGilveey’s  artillery; 29  the  other  (Colonel  Fkazer’s)22  lay  behind  an  old  stone 
wall  in  the  second  line.  The  whole  arrangement  was  subsequently  pointed  out 
and  explained  to  me  on  the  field  by  Colonel  Brooke.28 

h.  1st,  2d,  3d,  and  15th  New  Jersey  volunteers.24 

* 


22  ' 


GETTYSBURG.— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


5th  corps ;  Colonel  Sweitzer,®^  commanding  his  2d  brigade,® 
and  Colonel  Rice,®^  commanding  his  3d  brigade/  A  half  mile 
to  the  right  of  these,  near  the  wheat-field  G,  lay  McCandless’s 
brigade,®®  of  Crawford’s  division,  of  Pennsylvania  Re¬ 
serves,  3d  division,  5th  corps ;  while  midway  between,  and  in 
front  of  Little  Round  Top  B,  was  Brigadier-General  Wheaton’s®® 
head-quarters,  3d  division,  6th  corps,  with  Brigadier-General 
Bartlett’s®®^  and  Colonel  Nevins’^®^  brigades  of  his  divi¬ 
sion.  The  formation  of  the  ground  did  not  admit  of  repre¬ 
senting  on  the  painting  the  head-quarters  and  troops  of  these 
commands,  or  those  to  the  left  of  this  part  of  the  line ;  but 
their  locality  is  indicated  on  the  Keij^  The  line  from  this  point 
w^as  continuous  to  the  summit  of  Round  Top  D,  passing  over 
Little  Round  Top  B.  From  there  it  was  refused  to  the  left 
nearly  a  mile,  crossing  the  Taneytowm  road  A,  and  may  be 
indicated  on  the  painting  by  the  line  of  forest  to  the  left  of 
Round  Top.  The  head-quarters  of  Major-General  Sykes,^®  com¬ 
manding  5th  corps,  and  Major-General  Sedgwick,^®  command¬ 
ing  the  6th  corps,  were  together^®  in  rear  of  the  posterior  slope 
of  Little  Round  Top  B,  and  beyond  the  grove,  which  separated 
them  from  General  Torbert’s  head-quarters Brigadier- 
General  Ayres,®^  commanding  2d  division,  5th  corps,  held 
Little  Round  Top  B.  Colonel  Garrard,®®  commanding  his  3d 

a,  4tli  Michigan,  62(1  Pennsylvania,  9th  and  32cl  Massachusetts  volnnteers.si 
The  9th  Massachusetts  was  detached  from  the  brigade  and  lay  on  Round  Top  D- 

1).  16th  Michigan,  44th  New  York,  83d  Pennsylvania,  and  20th  Maine  volun- 
teers.31  Colonel  Vincext  had  been  killed  the  evening  pi-evious. 

c.  1st,  2d,  and  6th  regiments  of  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  and  the  1st  Rifles. 
(The  11th  Regiment  of  “Reserves”  was  temporarily  attached  to  this  brigade.) 
Position  pointed  out  on  the  field  by  General  McCandless,  and  all  of  his  regi¬ 
mental  commanders.  See  General  Crawford’s  report. 

d.  2d  brigade,  com])osed  of  the  5th  Maine,  121st  New  York,  95th  and  96th 
Pennsylvania  volunteers.8-^ 

e.  3(1  brigade,  62d  New  York,  93d,  98th,  102d,  and  139th  Pennsylvania  volun- 
teers.'^o 

f.  Pointed  out  on  the  field  by  Major-General  Sykes,  and  his  adjutant-general, 
Brevet  Brigadier-General  Locke. 


POSITION  OF  TROOPS  ON  THE  LEFT. 


23 


brigade**  (Weed’s)  had  the  front  line,  while  the  two  brigades  of 
regulars,  the  Ist,^  commanded  by  Colonel  and  the  2d,*’ 

by  Colonel  Burbank,^^"'’  lay  in  the  second  line.*^  In  the  valley 
beyond  were  two  regiments^  of  Colonel  Tilton’s  brigade  (1st 
brigade,  1st  division,  5th  corps),  followed  by  two  regiments'^  of 
Colonel  Fisher’s  brigade  of  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  3d  brigade, 
3d  division,  5th  corps.  Beyond  these  was  the  Ninth  Massa- 
j  chusetts  volunteers.^  This  regiment  had  been  deployed  as 
skirmishers  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army,  on  the  morning 
I  of  the  second,  but  their  brigade  changed  its  position  and  they 
!  became  separated  from  it.  Next,  connecting  on  its  left,  and 

I  extending  up  Round  Top  proper,  were  the  two  remaining 

regiments  of  Tilton’s  brigade. And  on  their  left,  terminat¬ 
ing  on  the  summit  of  the  mountain,  were  the  two  remaining 
regiments  of  Colonel  Fisher’s  brigade  of  “Reserves.”®®^  Two 
6th  corps  brigades  under  General  W^right^®  formed  the  crotchet 
retiring  from  Round  Top  to  the  left  and  rear  across  the  Taney- 
,  town  road  A.  Colonel  Grant  commanded  the  right,  2d  bri- 
i  gade,®®-^  2d  division,  6th  corps,  and  General  Russell,^*’  the 
j  left,  3d  brigade,*'’  1st  division,  6th  corps.^  These  troops  were 
at  no  time  actively  engaged.  This  was  the  extreme  left  of  the 
I  infantry  force  of  the  army.  Barnes’  battery,  C,^®  1st  New  York, 

a.  91st  and  155th  Pennsylvania,  140th  and  146th  New  York  volunteers.86 
General  Weed  was  killed  the  day  before.  Colonel  Gaeeaed’s  report. 

1.  3d,  4th,  6th,  12th,  and  14th  infantry .32 -a 

c.  2d,  7th,  10th,  11th,  and  I7th  infantry .82-b 

d.  Explained  on  the  field  by  General  Ayees. 

e.  18th  and  22d  Massachusetts  volunteers.  Positions  pointed  out  on  the  field 
by  Colonel  Tiltox. 

/.  9th  and  10th  Pennsylvania  “Reserves.”  See  General  Ceawfoed’s  report. 

g.  2d  brigade  (Sweitzee’s),  1st  division,  5th  corps. 

h.  118th  Pennsylvania  and  1st  Michigan  volunteers.39 

i.  5th  and  12th  Pennsylvania  “  Reserves.”  33  Ceawfoed’s  report. 

j.  2d,  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  Vermont  volunteers.80 

h.  5th  Wisconsin,  6th  Maine,  49th  and  119th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.ts 
1.  General  Sedgwick’s  report.  Verbal  explanation  by  Colonel  Geant  and 
General  Russell. 


24 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


and  Martin’s  battery,  C,  Massachusetts,  were  ordered  on  the 
3d  by  Captain  Martin,  chief  of  the  5th  corps  artillery,  to 
report  to  General  Wright,®  and  were  placed  in  position  in 
the  rear  of  Round  Top.  General  Kilpatrick,^^  with  Farns¬ 
worth’s^®*  and  Merritt’s*®'^  brigades  of  cavalry,  accomj)anied 
by  Elder’s^^  and  Graham’s**  batteries  of  horse-artillery  (E,  4th 
United  States,  and  K,  1st  United  States),  were  beyond  and  to 
the  front  of  Round  Top.  General  Custer’s  brigade  was 
engaged  with  General  Gregg’s  division  of  cavalry  on  the  right 
wing  of  the  army. 


a  There  were  two  brigades  at  this  point.  One  (Grant’s)  from  Howe’s  is  divi¬ 
sion,  and  one  (Russell’s)  from  Weight’s  division.  General  Howe  remained  with 
the  troops  all  the  time,  though  General  Weight  was  the  ranking  officer,  and  in 
command. 

&.  1st  Vermont,  1st  West  Virginia  (Union),  5th  Hew  A"ork,  and  18th  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  and  one  squadron  1st  Ohio  volunteer  cavalry.^®  General  Faenswoetii  made 
a  very  gallant  charge  with  1st  Y"ermout  and  1st  West  Virginia  cavalry,  during 
which  he  was  killed. 

c.  1st,  2d,  and  5th  U.  S.  regulars  and  6th  Pennsylvania  cavalry.^s  General 
Kilpatrick’s  report.  I  also  spent  several  days  with  this  command  at  Stevens- 
burg,  Y^a.,  in  the  winter  of  1863-4,  deriving  from  its  officers  the  fullest  details, 
which  fully  corroborated  statements  of  Confederate  officers  given  me  in  the  hospital 
at  Gettysburg. 


Clje  Cljiri)  Jlaii  of  fljt  Rattle. 

The  first  hours  of  dawn  on  July  3d  were  devoted  to  driving 
Eavell  from  the  works  seized  by  him  on  Culp’s  Hill,  Avhich  was 
accomplished  after  a  heavy  cannonade  by  the  artillery,  folloAved 
by  severe  fighting  on  the  part  of  the  12th  corps,  re-enforced  by 
General  Sealer’s  brigade  of  the  6th  corps,  which  lasted  several 
hours.  Euger’s  division,  consisting  of  McDougall’s  and  Col- 
groate’s  brigades,  which  w’ith  Lockavood’s  independent  brigade, 
and  Candy’s  and  Kane’s  brigades,  of  Geary’s  division,  had  re¬ 
turned  during  the  night ;  the  latter  brigade  in  time  to  partici¬ 
pate  at  the  close  of  the  engagement. 

From  this  time  until  one  o’clock  in  the  afternoon  there  was 
no  general  fighting.  General  Lee  Avas  preparing  for  the  grand 
assault  on  Avhich  he  based  his  hopes  of  carrying  the  Union 
position,  and  severing  the  Union  army,  sAveep  it  from  the  field. 
The  Confederates  lay  mainly  along  Seminary  Eidge,  Hood’s 
diAusion  holding  the  right  Aving®  being  advanced  to  the  Avoods 
in  front  of  Eound  Top  D.  Laav’s^®®  and  Anderson’s  brigades 
had  moAmd  on  the  3d  to  the  extreme  right  to  Avatch  Kilpat¬ 
rick’s  caAmlry,^^  Avith  Avhich  they  Avere  engaged  late  in  the 
afternoon,  beyond  and  in  front  of  Eound  Top  D.^  Hood’s  line 
consisted  of  Laav’s,^®°‘’  Eobertson’s,^^®"^  Anderson’s,^^^"  and  Ben- 
ning’s  brigades.  General  Hood  Avas  Avounded  on  the  after- 

a.  Longsteeet’s  report. 

5.  Verbal  statement  of  General  Hood. — Verbal  statement  of  the  officers  of  the 
15th  Alabama  regiment. 

c.  Law’s  brigade, iso  4th,  15th,  44th,  47th,  and  48th  Alabama. 

d.  Eobertsokt’s  brigade,t26  1st,  4th,  and  51st  Texas,  and  3d  Arkansas. 

e.  Anderson’s  brigade,i2T  7th,  8th,  9th,  11th,  and  59th  Georgia. 

/.  Benning’s  brigade, 128  2d,  15th,  17th,  and  20th  Georgia. 


26 


GETTYSBURG— DESCEIPTIVE  KEY. 


noon  of  the  2d,  and  his  division  was  commanded  on  the  3d 
by  General  Robertson.  McLaws’  division  on  his  left,  extended 
northward  across  the  country  road  leading  from  the  Emmetts- 
burg  road  at  the  peach  orchard  H,  westerly  toward  Fairfield.® 
His  line  consisted  of  Kershaw’s/^®  ^  Barksdale’s,^^® Wofford’s, 
and  Semmes’^®^^  brigades.  On  McLaws’  left  was  Anderson’s 
division,  consisting  of  Wilcox’,^®^'^  Perry’s,^®^*^  Wright’s,^®^^ 
PosEY’s,^‘^®Aand  Mahone’s^^®-^’  brigades;  the  two  former  in  an 
advanced  position,  under  orders  to  cover  the  right  of  the 
assaulting  column;  the  others  remained  behind  the  crest  of 
Seminary  Ridge. 

General  Pickett’s  division  of  Longstreet’s  corps  arrived  in 
the  field  on  the  morning  of  July  3d,*  and,  not  having  been 
previously  engaged,  "was  selected  to  form  the  right  wing  of  the 
assaulting  column,^  the  left  being  composed  of  troops  from 
Hill’s  corps.  Pickett’s  division  consisted  of  three  brigades  of 
Virginia  troops,  under  Generals  Kemper,^^®  Garnett,^”®  "  and 
Armistead.’°®®  The  two  first  named  formed  the  front  line; 
Armistead  held  the  second.^  Heth’s  division  of  Hill’s  corps, 
commanded  by  General  Pettigrew,^  formed  the  left  wing. 
Archer’s®®®^  brigade,  of  Tennessee  and  Alabama  troops,  com- 

a.  Statement  of  General  Wofford. 

t.  Kershaw’s  brigadeP^o  2d,  3d,  Ttli,  8tli,  and  16th  South  Carolina. 

c.  Barksdale's  brigade, I3th,  ITth,  18th,  and  21st  Mississippi. 

d.  Wofford’s  brigade, W2  I6th,  18th,  and  21:th  regiments,  Cobb’s  legion,  and 
PniLLiPs’  legion,  Georgia. 

e.  Semmes’  brigade,i3i  10th,  50th,  51st,  and  53d  Georgia. 

/.  Wilcox’  brigade, 135  8th,  9th,  10th,  11th,  and  14th  Alabama. 

p.  Perry’s  brigade, 13T  2d,  5th,  and  8th  Florida. 

h.  Weight’s  brigade,i5i  2d,  3d,  22d,  48th,  and  2d  battalion,  Georgia. 

i.  Posey’s  brigade,ii3  I2th,  16th,  19th,  and  48th  Mississippi. 

j.  Mahoxe’s  brigade,i45  oth,  12th,  16th,  41st,  and  61st  Virginia. 

h.  Statement  of  Colonel  Harrison,  General  Pickett’s  adjutant-general. 

1.  Loxgsteeet’s  report. 

TO.  Kemper’s  brigade,i48  1st,  3d,  Vtli,  11th,  and  24th  Virginia. 

n.  Garnett’s  brigade,  8th,  18th,  19th,  28th,  and  56th  Virginia. 

0.  Armistead’s  brigade,  9th,  14th,  38tli,  53d,  and  57th  Virginia. 

f.  Archer’s  brigade, wo  ist,  7th,  and  14th  Tennessee,  5th  and  13th  Alabama. 


FORMATION  FOR  THE  ASSAULT. 


27 


nianded  by  Colonel  Frye,  held  its  right,  and  joined  on  Gar¬ 
nett’s  left.  Brockenborough’s  Virginia  brigade,^*'^  “  held  the 
left  of  Pettigrew’s  command,  while  his  own  brigade  of  North 
Carolinians,^®®  ^  commanded  on  this  occasion  by  Colonel  Mar¬ 
shall,  was  on  the  right-center, and  Davis’s  Mississippi  brigade,^®®'’ 
on  the  left-center.  These  troops  formed  the  first  line  of  the 
left  wing  of  the  assaulting  column.  The  second  line,  com¬ 
manded  by  Major-General  Trimble,  formed  in  rear  of  Petti¬ 
grew’s  right.^  Scales’  North  Carolina  brigade,^®®®  commanded 
by  Colonel  Lourance,  held  its  right,-^  and  Lane’s  North  Caro¬ 
lina  brigade,^®^  ^  the  left. 

Thomas’s  North  and  McGowan’s  South  Carolina  brigades, 
of  Pender’s  division.  Hill’s  corps,  had  been  advanced  the 
night  before  to  a  narrow  road  leading  from  the  town  to  Bliss’ 
buildings  N,^  and  being  covered  by  the  intermediate  ridge, 
and  in  a  favorable  position  to  protect  the  left  wing  of  the 
assaulting  column,  remained  there,  with  Thomas’s  brigade  ^®^‘ 
on  the  right,  and  McGowan’s  brigade,^'^'^  commanded  by 
Colonel  Perrin,  on  the  left.  On  the  latter’s  left,  nearer 
town,  wRis  Ramseur’s  brigade  of  North  Carolina  troops, 
and,  in  succession,  the  other  brigades  of  Bodes  division. 


a.  Brockexboeougii’s  brigade, 40th,  47tb,  and  55tli,  and  22d  battalion, 
Virginia. 

d.  Pettigrew’s  brigade, 11th,  26th,  LYth,  and  52d  North  Carolina, 
c.  Davis’s  brigade,  2d,  lltli,  and  42d  Mississippi,  and  55tli  North  Carolina.  (A 
large  number  of  the  2d  and  42d  were  taken  prisoners  at  the  railioad  cut  S,  on 


the  first  day.) 

d.  Longstreet’s  report. 

e.  Scales’  (Lourance’s)  brigade,^°®  13th,  16th,  22d,  34th,  and  38th  N.  Caiolina. 

f.  Deport  of  Scale’s  brigade. 

g.  Lane’s  report.  Lane’s  brigade, 7th,  18th,  28th,  33d,  and  37th  North 

Carolina.  , 

h.  Burned  by  order  of  General  Hats  just  previous  to  the  cannonade.  Hays 

report. 

i.  Thomas’s  brigade, 14th,  35th,  45th,  and  49th  Georgia. 

j.  McGowan’s  brigade,ni  1st,  12th,  13th,  14th,  and  Orr’s  Rifles,  South 

Carolina. 

Jc.  Ramseur’s  brigade,  2d,  4th,  14th,  and  30tli  North  Carolina. 


28 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


The  massing  of  the  artillery  to  cover  the  grand  assault  was 
on  a  no  less  formidable  scale.  Guns  were  placed  on  every 
available  position ;  which  are  indicated  in  the  painting  by  puffs 
of  smoke  seen  along  Seminary  Ridge  to  Oak  Hill  U,  and  in  the 
key  by  the  usual  figures.®  Henry’s  battalion  of  artillery 
held  the  Confederate  right,  represented  in  the  painting  over 
and  beyond  the  peach  orchard  H.  On  his  left  was  Alexander’s 
battalion, ®  at  and  in  rear  of  the  peach  orchard.  On  the 
left  of  Alexander  was  Eshleman’s  battalion  (the  Wash¬ 
ington  artillery  of  New  Orleans).  Next  came  Hearing’s 
battalion.^^®^  The  two  last  named  were  within  close  rano:e  of 
the  Union  lines,  and  their  fire  proved  very  destructive.  They 
are  represented  in  the  painting  on  the  intermediate  ridge 
between  Cordora’s  house  K,  and  the  apple  orchard  J.  On  the 
left  of  Hearing’s  was  Cabell’s  battalion,^'^-^  which  on  the 
painting  is  seen  beyond  and  in  range  of  the  copse  of  trees  M. 
Poague’s  battalion was  placed  next  in  the  line,  and  in  suc¬ 
cession  Garnett’s,^®^  ^  Pegram’s,^^”  Lane’s,^®®'^^-^  and  McIn- 

a.  The  batteries  in  the  subjoined  reference  have  been  arranged  from  the  reports 
of  the  several  battalion  commanders,  and  if  any  have  been  omitted,  it  may  arise 
from  the  fact  that  they  were  not  written  for  publication. 

1).  Henry’s  battalion  w’as  composed  of  Reilly’s  and  Latham’s  batteries 
(and  probably  others,  though  not  mentioned  in  Major  Henry’s  report). 

c.  Alexander’s  battalion, composed  of  Moody’s,  Taylor’s,  Ehett’s, 
Parker’s,  Jordan’s,  and  W’oolfolk’s  batteries. 

(Z.  Esiileman’s  battalion  1^9  was  composed  of  Miller’s,  Noroom’s,  and  Richard- 
bon’s  batteries. 

e.  Hearing’s  battalion  1^9  composed  of  Stribling’s,  Miller’s,  Macon’s, 
Oaskie’s,  and  Bloiit’s  batteries. 

f.  Cabell’s  battalion  I'U  was  composed  of  Frazer’s,  Manly^’s,  McCarthy’s, 
and  Carlton’s  baitteries. 

g.  Poague’s  battalion  149  comprised  Vozatt’s,  Graham’s,  Ward’s,  and  Brooks’ 
batteries. 

A.  Garnett’s  battalion.152  Maurin’s  and  Lewis’s  batteries  are  the  only  ones 
mentioned  by  name  in  Lieutenant-Colonel  Garnett’s  report,  though  he  speaks  of 
nine  rifled  guns  being  in  position  under  Major  Richardson. 

i.  Pegram’s  battalion,  i^i  comprising  Manye’s,  Brander’s,  Zimmerman’s,  and 
McGraw’s  batteries. 

j.  Lane’s  battalion  i5S-a  ^^as  composed  of  Ross’s,  Wingfield’s,  and  Patterson’s 
batteries. 


ARRANGEMENT  OP  ARTILLERY, 


29 


josh’s  159 «  battalions,  and  Harp’s, Smith’s, i®'  Watson’s, i'®  and 
Cunningham’s  i®5  batteries  of  Dana’s  ^  battalion,  which  filled  the 
line  to  the  railroad  S.  On  Oak  Hill  U  Lieutenant-General  A.  P. 
Hill,  caused  to  be  planted  two  Armstrong  guns,  of  Rice’s  bat¬ 
tery,  McIntosh’s  battalion,  which  during  the  battle  distributed 
their  bolts  from  Cemetery  Hill  Z  to  Round  Top  D.  In  this  line 
the  Confederates  had  nearly  150  guns.'’  Holding  the  periphery 
of  the  circle,  they  were  enabled  by  a  concentration  of  fire  upon 
any  one  point  to  bring  thrice  as  many  guns  to  bear  upon  it  as 
could  be  used  in  reply.  As  it  was,  the  Confederate  line  actual¬ 
ly  held  nearly  twice  as  many  guns  as  were  in  the  Union  line, 

which  mounted  only  about  100  pieces,'^  all  that  could  be  placed 
in  position. 


THE  CANNONADE. 

It  was  not  until  one  o’clock  in  the  afternoon  that  the  dread¬ 
ful  preparations  for  the  attack  were  completed ;  but  at  that 
hour  at  a  given  signal  the  preliminary  bombardment  intended 
to  cover  the  assault  was  opened.®  This  cannonading  from 
nearly  250  guns  continued  uninterruptedly  for  two  hours. 

a.  McIntosh’s  battalion  1o9  -^^-as  composed  of  Rice’s,  Johnson’s,  and  Haet’s 
batteries.  In  IIaet’s  were  two  Armstrong  gnns.UO 

h.  Dana’s  battalion,  comprising  Graham’s,  Dana’s  (Lieutenant  Cunningham 
commanding),  Watson’s, 163  Smith’s,i62  and  Happ’s  batteries.i®! 

c.  Report  of  General  Pendleton,  Confederate  chief  of  artillery,  corroborated 
by  reports  of  each  artillery  battalion  commander. 

d.  The  report  of  General  Hunt,  chief  of  the  Union  artillery,  gives  seventy-live 
guns  on  the  western  crest  of  Cemetery  Ridge,  without  enumerating  those  on 
Cemetery  Hill  Z.  Major  Osborne’s  report,  chief  of  the  eleventh  corps  artillery, 
places  in  position  on  tlie  hill  the  batteries  of  Taft,  5th  New  Aork  (Independent) ; 
Dilger,  I,  1st  Ohio;  Bancroft,  G,  4th  United  States;  Eakin,  H,  1st  United 
States;  IVheeler,  13th  New  A*ork  (Independent);  Hill,  C,  1st  Virginia;* and 
Captain  Edgell,  1st  New  Hampshire,  reports  his  battery  there.  Several  of 
these  batteries  suffered  severely  during  the  two  previous  days,  having  guns  dis¬ 
abled,  and  others  may  not  have  been  engaged  all  the  time;  but  I  think  tweiiuy- 
live  guns  a  fair  estimate,  which  would  increase  the  number  to  one  hundred. 

e.  Pendleton’s  report.  *  Huntington,  H.  1st  Ohio. 


so 


GETTYSBURG— DP:SCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


During  this  terrible  duel  the  Union  troops  crouched  behind 
their  rude  breastworks,  and  such  other  slight  cover  as  they 
could  find  behind  outcropping  rocks  and  the  undulations  of  the 
surface  tightly  grasping  the  musket  on  which  they  knew  they 
must  finally  depend.  Many  caissons®  and  limbers  of  artil¬ 
lery  were  exploded  on  both  sides,  and  many,  very  many 
casualties  occurred,  but  the  destruction  of  life  was  not  as  great 
as  might  naturally  be  expected  from  such  a  fearful  bombard¬ 
ment,  which  has  never  before  been  equaled  on  this  continent, 
if  in  the  world. 


THE  CHARGE  AND  REPULSE. 

Finally,  at  three  o’clock,  p.  m.,  the  cannonade  ended,  and 
the  order  was  given  for  the  grand  assault.  Pickett  and  Pet¬ 
tigrew  advanced  simultaneously,  followed  by  Trimble’s  com¬ 
mand.  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  Confederate  troops  during 
this  celebrated  attack  has  universally  received  the  highest 
praise  from  the  Union  commanders.^  Pickett’s  Yirginia 
troops  were  fresh  in  the  field,  and  much  better  jiPotected  in 
their  advance  by  the  undulations  of  the  surface  than  those  of 
Pettigrew  on  his  left,  while  Pettigrew  and  Trimble’s  commands, 
the  first  to  break,'’  had  suffered  the  demoralizing  disadvan¬ 
tage  of  having  lost  fearfully  in  the  first  day’s  battle.  It  is  not 
strange  that  they  broke  before  reaching  the  Union  lines  ;  the 
great  wonder  is  that  they  succeeded  in  advancing  as  far  as 
they  did. 

The  advance  of  more  than  1,300  yards  "was  not  distin¬ 
guished  by  that  dash  and  enthusiasm  which  usually  character¬ 
ises  an  infantry  charge.  Slowly  but  determinedly they 

a.  See  MoGilvey’s  brigade, 26  on  the  painting. 

1.  Hancock’s,  Hunt’s,  Hats’,  Gibbons’,  Webb’s,  Hewton’s,  Stannap.d’s,  and 
other  reports. 

c.  Longsteeet’s  report. 


d.  Union  reports. 


THE  ASSAULT  AND  REPULSE. 


31 

moved  forward,  notwithstanding  each  man  knew  every  step 
brought  him  nearer  the  jaws  of  death.”  For  the  first  half 
of  the  distance  a  deathly  silence  reigned,  save  an  occasional 
shot  from  some  gunner  who  was  not  impressed  with  the  awful 
solemnity  of  the  scene.  It  was  not  until  half  across  the  plain** 
that  they  encountered  the  fire  of  the  Union  artillery,  but 
against  which,  as  a  man  presses  against  a  blinding  storm,  they 
moved  steadily  on  as  if  impelled  by  a  will  greater  than  their 
own,  some  mighty,  unseen  power  which  they  could  not  resist. 
Solid  shot  plowed  through  their  ranks,  spherical-case  rattled 
in  their  midst,  and  canister  swept  them  by  hundreds  from  the 
field.  Yet  on  they  pressed  unflinchingly. 

Presently  the  Union  infantry  opened,  and  for  a  moment 
they  staggered,  halted,  and  returned  the  fire,  and  then  with  a 
wild  “  yell  ”  they  dashed  on  to  their  dreadful  doom.  The  left 
of  the  column  crossed  the  Emmettsburg  road  not  more  than  180 
yards  from  the  Union  line.  This  road  was  inclosed  by  two 
stout,  high  post  and  rail  ”  fences,  which  tended  materially  to 
break  the  line,^  but  notwithstanding  this  serious  obstruction, 
and  the  destructive  fire  to  which  they  were  exposed,  the 
attacking  forces  still  advanced,  delivering  a  rapid  and  deadly 
discharge  of  musketry  as  they  moved.  But  no  troops  could 
resist  the  fearful  fire  which  opposed  them.  They  could  not 
reach  the  wall  and  live.  The  left  wing  was  the  first  to  break. 
It  was  exposed  to  a  raking  flank  fire  of  canister,  and  a  heavy 
front®  and  flank  fire  of  musketry.  Many  fled  in  confu¬ 
sion  to  the  rear,  losing  as  heavily  in  their  retreat  as  their  ad¬ 
vance,  being  followed  nearly  to  the  Emmettsburg  road  by 
the  enthusiastic  regiments  on  the  right  of  Hays’  division. 

a.  Reports  of  General  Davis,  Aecher’s  brigade,  Pettigrew’s  brigade,  Pen¬ 
der’s  division. 

h.  Report  of  Aroher’s  brigade. 

c.  Report  of  General  Hats. 

d.  Report  of  Pettigrew’s  and  Lane’s  brigades. 


32 


GETTYSBUEG— DESCRIPTIYE  KEY. 


Others  forced  to  their  right,  by  the  terrible  fire  on  their 
left® — united  with  the  right  wing  still  advancing,^  and  finally 
joined  it  in  its  attack  on  Webb’s  front,  while  thousands  threw 
down  their  arms  and  came  quietly  in  as  prisoners,  where  they 
had  vainly  tried  to  go  as  victors.  The  right  wing  was  partially 
covered  in  its  advance  by  Cordora’s  house  K,  and  several 
rocky  knolls  covered  with  low  scrub-oak  growth,  behind  which 
the  troops  re-formed,  and  finally  advanced  on  Webb’s  line.^  His 
center  was  broken  and  his  guns  captured,  but  the  captors 
soon  found  themselves  captives.  All  who  crossed  the  wall  in 
Webb’s  front  remained  either  dead,  dying,  or  prisoners.  The 
Union  troops  by  a  simultaneous  attack  closed  in  upon  the 
assaulting  column,  and  captured  all  Avho  did  not  seek  safety  in 
flight.*^  Thousands  threw  themselves  on  the  ground  for  protec¬ 
tion  from  the  terrible  fire  which  hemmed  them  in,  or  held  up 

I 

a.  Report  of  Colonel  Sawyer,  Sth  Ohio  volunteers. 

h.  Report  of  General  Hancock. 

c.  Reports  of  Hancock,  Hunt,  Gibbon,  Webb,  Harrow,  etc.  See  Webb’s  letter. 

d.  Considerable  etfort  has  been  made  to  discover  who  first  ordered  a  fiank  at¬ 
tack,  but  it  will  probably  be  shown  that  the  necessity  for  it  was  apparent  to  every 
military  mind,  and  that  the  startling  exigencies  of  the  emergency  prompted  them 
to  its  execution.  General  Hancock  in  his  official  report  says :  “  Passing  at  this 
time.  Colonel  Devereux,  commanding  the  19th  Massachusetts  volunteers,  anxious 
to  be  in  the  right  place,  applied  to  me  for  permission  to  move  his  regiment  to 
the  right  and  front,  where  the  line  had  been  broken.  I  granted  it,  and  his  regi¬ 
ment  and  Colonel  Mallon’s  42d  New  York  volunteers  on  his  right  proceeded  there 
at  once.”  In  the  winter  of  1863,  while  visiting  the  army,  I  was  told  by  the  com¬ 
manding  officer  of  the  19th  Maine  volunteers,  that  General  Gibbon  was  wounded 
while  directing  that  regiment  to  wheel  out  of  line  to  give  a  fiank  fire  (it  subse¬ 
quently  retired  from  its  right,  and  attacked  the  enemy  in  connection  with  the  19th 
Massachusetts  and  42d  New  York).  I  have  in  my  possession  a  private  letter  from 
Lt.  W.E.  Barrows  of  Colonel  Hall’s  staff,  bearing  on  its  face  unmistakable  evidence 
of  truth,  stating  that  Colonel  Hall  sent  him  to  General  Newton  with  a  request 
for  troops  to  put  in  on  the  enemy’s  flank.  General  Hancock  in  Ids  report  speaks 
of  having  sent  an  order  to  General  Stannard  to  throw  two  of  his  regiments  on  the 
enemy’s  right,  while  it  is  a  well-knowui  fact  that  General  Stannard  directed  the 
same  movement  before  receiving  the  order.  Subsequently  Major  Mitchell,  of 
General  Hancock’s  staff,  issued  a  similar  order  on  his  own  responsibility,  in  his 
chief’s  name,  and  was  surprised  a  moment  after  to  see  General  Hancock  lying 
wounded  on  the  ground  before  him.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  proof  is  conclusive 
that  the  same  happy  thought  originated  simultaneously  in  several  minds. 


WILCOX’S  ATTACK. 


33 


their  hands  in  token  of  surrender. “  By  four  o’clock  the 
repulse  was  complete  and  the  victory  won.  General  Ander¬ 
son  ordered  up  Wright’s  brigade'®^  to  attack  as  a  relief 
to  Pickett,  but  General  Longstreet  directed  him  to  stop 
the  movement,  remarking  that  it  was  useless  and  would 
only  involve  unnecessary  loss,  the  assault  having  failed.”  ^ 
General  Longstreet  then  ordered  General  Wright,  with  all 
his  ofucers  and  a  portion  of  his  own  staff,  to  rally  and  col¬ 
lect  the  scattered  troops  behind  Anderson’s  division.^  In 
the  assault  General  Garnett  had  been  killed.  General 
Armistead,^'^®  and  it  was  thought  General  Kemper, were 
mortally  wounded ;  Generals  Trimble  and  Pettigrew,^^^ 
commanding  divisions.  Colonels  Frye,  Marshall,  and  Lour- 
ance,  brigade  commanders,  and  thousands  of  others  lay  bleed¬ 
ing  on  the  field.  Color-bearers  and  color-guards  had  fallen, 
and  twenty-seven  of  their  blood-stained  flags  remained  in  the 
hands  of  the  victors."^ 

General  Wilcox’s  command  continued  to  advance  on 
Pickett’s  right,  and  as  he  passed  Bearing’s  artillery  and 
saw  nothing  of  Pickett’s  column,  which  had  been  literally 
obliterated,  he  supposed  it  had  pierced  the  Union  lines,  now 
enveloped  in  smoke,  and  passed  over  the  crest.'^  Soon  he 
learned  his  mistake.  His  men  finding  themselves  the  center 
of  a  cross-fire  of  artillery  from  the  flanks,^’ and  a 
front  fire  of  musketry  from  the  14th  Vermont  volunteers,^® 
dashed  madly  forward,  and  with  the  instinct  of  old  soldiers 

a.  General  Hancock’s  report. 

h.  General  Longstkeet’s  report. 

c.  General  Hancock  in  his  report  says  :  “Each  division  has  been  credited  with 
the  number  of  flags  actually  turned  in,  and  for  which  receipts  are  held,  inakiiig 
the  aggregate  twenty-seven.  There  were  undoubtedly  thirty-three  colors  captured, 
the  balance  having  been  secreted  as  individual  trophies.” 

d.  Report  of  Generals  Longstreet  and  Wilcox,  with  a  verbal  explanation 
from  each  of  them. 

e.  See  General  Wilcox’s  report. 


34 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIYE  KEY. 


sought  the  cover  of  a  rocky  ravine  filled  with  trees  and 
undergrowth.  The  16th  Vermont  volunteers®''^  moved  down 
this  ravine,  supported  by  four  companies  of  the  14th  Vermont,®® 
and  attacking  Wilcox  in  flank,  captured  a  large  part  of  his 
command,  particularly  from  the  Florida  brigade,  while  the  re¬ 
mainder  fell  back.  This  was  the  closing  scene  of  the  most 
daring  military  movement  recorded  in  modern  warfare. 


Cljc  CDinjilcr’s  Statniwnt. 


It  will  probably  interest  some  who  view  the  painting  of  the 
Battle  of  Gettysburg  now  presented  to  the  public,  to  know  upon 
what  authority  it  has  been  compiled,  and  what  facilities  I  have 
had  which  will  justify  me  in  presuming  to  publish  it  as  an 
historical  representation  of  that  important  battle. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  war  I  determined  to  attach 
myself  to  the  army  and  wait  for  the  great  battle  which  would 
naturally  decide  the  contest ;  study  its  topography  on  the  field, 
and  learn  its  details  from  the  actors  themselves,  and  eventually 
prepare  its  written  and  illustrated  history.  I  joined  the  army 
for  that  purpose  immediately  after  the  evacuation  ofYorktown, 
was  with  it  at  Seven  Pines  and  Fair  Oaks,  through  the  seven 
days’  fights,  and  at  Harrison’s  Landing ;  and  before  leaving 
it  I  made  arrangements  with  officers  of  rank  to  give  me  early 
intelligence  of  any  important  movements  looking  to  a  decisive 
engagement.  Gettysburg  was  that  engagement. 

When  I  arrived  at  Gettysburg  the  dehrls  of  that  great  battle 
lay  scattered  for  miles  around.  Fresh  mounds  of  earth  marked 
the  resting-place  of  the  fallen  thousands,  and  many  of  the  dead 
lay  yet  unburied.  It  therefore  required  no  guide  to  point  out 
the  locality  of  the  battle.  I  determined  to  make  an  isometrical 
drawing  of  the  field. 

As  the  term  field,  when  applied  to  a  battle,  is  generally 
used  figuratively,  and,  by  the  general  reader,  might  be  mis¬ 
understood,  it  is  well  to  consider,  at  the  start,  that  the  battle- 
field  of  Gettysburg  not  only  embraces  within  its  boundaries 
many  fields,  but  forests  as  well,  and  even  the  town  of  Gettys- 


36 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIYE  KEY. 


burg  itself  is  included  within  its  limits.  The  formation  of  the 
ground  and  the  positions  of  the  troops  favored  the  plan  of 
sketching  the  field  while  facing  the  west.  Consequently  the 
top  of  my  Drawing  of  it  is  Avest ;  the  right  hand,  north  ;  the 
left,  south,  etc.  There  was  no  point  from  which  the  whole 
field  could  he  sketched,  nor  would  such  a  position  have  favored 
this  branch  of  art.  On  the  contrary,  it  was  necessary  to 
sketch  from  every  part  of  it,  combining  the  whole  into  one 
grand  view,  which  accounts  for  the  fact  that  every  participant 
in  that  battle  will  readily  discover  on  the  drawing  the  exact 
locality  of  his  engagement,  and  the  movements  of  his  command 
can  be  as  readily  traced. 

Having  located  its  boundaries,  I  commenced  at  the  south¬ 
east  corner,  and  gradually  moving  toward  the  norths  I  looked 
toward  the  and  sketched  the  landscape  carefully,  as  far  as 
the  vision  extended,  including  fields,  forests,  houses,  barns,  hills, 
and  valleys  ;  and  every  object,  however  minute,  which  could 
influence  the  result  of  a  battle.  Thus  I  continued  to  the  north¬ 
east  boundary,  a  distance  of  five  and  a  half  miles.  The  next 
day  I  resumed  my  work  at  the  south,  having  advanced  to  the 
point  where  my  vision  had  been  obstructed  the  preceding  day, 
and  sketched  another  breadth  to  the  north,  as  before ;  and  so 
continued,  day  by  day,  until  I  had  carried  my  drawing  for¬ 
ward  four  and  a  half  miles,  which  included  within  its  limits  the 
town  of  Gettvsburc;.  When  the  battle-field  had  been  isometri- 
cally  draAvn,  I  sketched  the  distance  and  added  a  sky. 

This  drawing  was  the  result  of  eighty-four  days  spent  on 
the  field  immediately  after  the  battle,  during  which  time  I 
sketched  carefully  the  twenty-five  square  miles  wdiich  it 
represents. 

I  spent  t^vo  months  in  hosjiital  writing  down  the  statements 
of  Confederate  prisoners,  and  as  they  became  convalescent,  I 
went  over  the  field  with  manv  of  their  officers,  who  located 


THE  DESIGNER’S  STATEMENT. 


37 

their  positions  and  explained  the  movements  of  their  commands 
during  the  battle. 

I  then  visited  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  consulted  with  its 
commander-in-chief ;  corps,  division,  and  brigade  commanders  ; 
and  visited  every  regiment  and  battery  engaged  in  the  battle,  to 
whose  officers  the  sketch  of  the  field  was  submitted,  and  they, 
after  careful  consultation,  located  upon  it  the  positions  of  their 
respective  commands. 

From  the  information  thus  obtained,  I  have  traced  the 
movements  of  every  regiment  and  battery  from  the  commencement 
to  the  close  of  the  engagement,  and  have  located  on  the  drawing 
its  most  important  position  for  each  of  the  three  days. 

Since  its  publication  I  issued  an  invitation  to  the  officers  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  visit  Gettysburg  with  me,  and  point 
but  their  respective  positions  and  movements,  thus  giving  an 
opportunity  to  the  actors  in  this  great  drama  to  correct  any 
misapprehension,  and  establish,  while  still  fresh  in  memory,  the 
facts  and  details  of  this  most  important  battle  of  the  age.  This 
invitation  w^as  responded  to  by  over  one  thousand  officers 
engaged  in  the  battle;  forty-six  of  whom  were  generals 
commanding.  And  it  may  be  interesting  to  those  who  possess 
the  drawing,  to  know  that  hut  one  solitary  regiment  was  dis¬ 
covered  to  be  out  of  position  on  it. 

Many  thousand  copies  of  this  work  have  been  sold,  yet  the 
demand  still  continues,  and  orders  are  constantly  coming  in 
from  all  parts  of  the  country.  Though  complete  in  itself,  it  is 
really  but  the  introduction  to  other  works  on  this  battle  yet  to 
be  published,  and  as  a  chart  of  reference  will  be  considered 
almost  an  indispensable  companion  to  the  history  of  it. 


38 


GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


The  Isometrical  Drawing  lias  been  published  in  four  different  styles,  and 
will  be  furnished  and  delivered  free  by  mail  at  the  following 


PRICES: 

Colored  Proof — On  heavy  plate  paper,  carefully  finished  in  Water- 

Colors,  ...........  $15  00 

Proof — Printed  in  tints,  on  paper  as  above,  with  positions  of  regiments, 

colored,  for  each  day,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  10  00 

Tinted — Printed  with  one  tint,  on  lighter  paper,  .  .  .  .  5  00 

11^^  The  above  styles  have  a  sky,  and  are  suitable  to  frame,  all  are  accom¬ 
panied  by  a  key. 

Plain — On  lighter  paper,  without  sky,  .  .  .  .  .  .  $3  00 

See  the  following  letters  indorsing  its  accuracy  : 

“  Head-Quaeteks  Aemy  of  the  Potomac,  Feb.  11,  18&4. 

“I  have  examined  Col.  Bachelder’s  Isometeioal  Drawing  of  the  Gettysburg  Battle-field,  and  am  per¬ 
fectly  satisfied  with  the  accuracy  with  which  the  topography  is  delineated,  and  the  positions  of  the  troops 
laid  down.  Col.  B.,  in  my  judgment,  deserves  gre.at  credit  for  the  time  and  labor  he  has  devoted  to  obtain¬ 
ing  the  materials  for  this  drawing,  which  have  resulted  in  making  it  so  accurate.  ♦  ♦  *  *  j  can  cheer¬ 
fully  recommend  it  to  all  those  who  are  desirous  of  procuring  an  accurate  picture  and  faithful  record  of  the 
events  of  this  great  battle.  *  *  *  * 

“  I  remain  most  truly  yours, 

“GEO.  G.  MEADE, 

"■Maj.-Gen.  ComcCg.  A.  P." 


“  Head-Quabtbks  Second  Army  Corps,  Dec.  29, 1S63. 

“  The  view  of  the  Battle-field  of  Gettysburg  prepared  by  Col.  Bachelder,  has  been  carefully  examined  by 
me.  I  find  it  as  accurate  as  such  a  drawing  can  well  be  made.  And  it  is  accurate,  as  far  as  my  knowledge 
extends. 

“WINF’D  S.  HANCOCK, 
“Major-General  Comd'g  2d!  Corps." 


“  Col.  Bachelder’s  Isometrical  View  of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg  is  an  admirable  production,  and  a 
truthful  rendering  of  the  various  positions  assumed  by  the  troops  of  my  command. 

“A.  DOUBLEDAT, 

Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Comd'g  \st  Corpse 


“  Head-Quarters  Dep’t  and  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  Oct.  24,  1864. 

“  Mr.  Jno.  B.  BAonELDER 

“  My  Dear  Sir  : — I  was  much  gratified  on  receivings  copy  of  your  beautiful  drawing  of  the  ‘  Gettysburg 
Battle-field.’  I  have  never  seen  a  painting  or  topographical  map  that  could  give  so  vivid  a  representation 
of  a  great  battle.  I  regard  it  as  an  honor  that  you  have  associated  my  name  with  those  of  other  corps  com¬ 
manders  in  your  historical  picture.  Be  pleased  to  accept  my  kind  regards. 

“  Eespectfully  yours, 

“O.  O.  HOWARD,  Major-General.'* 


“Col.  Jno.  B.  Bachelder;— 

“  Dear  Sir  : — I  have  examined  with  care  your  Isometrical  Drawing  of  the  Gettysburg  B.attle-field,  and 
can  cheerfully  bear  testimony  to  the  accuracy  of  the  position  of  the  troops  on  the  right  of  our  line. 

“Yours  very  truly, 

“  H.  W.  SLOCUM, 

“Maj.-Gen.  Vols.,  Comd'g  Fight  Wing  at  Gettysburg." 


39 


“HEAD-QiTARTERa  Fifth  Armt  Corps,  Sept.  2S,  1864. 

‘‘  Mr.  Jno.  B.  Bachblder: — 

“  Dear  Sir:— I  am  e.\ceedingly  gratified  with  receiving  a  finished  copy  of  your  print  of  the  Battle-field 
of  Gettysburg.  I  am  familiar  with  your  long  and  untiring  labors  in  all  the  fields  where  truth  could  bo 
reached,  and  know  that  your  efforts  were  crowned  with  a  success  that  leaves  nothing  more  to  be  desired. 
You  are  authorized  to  add  my  name  to  those  who  bear  testimony  to  its  accuracy. 

“Very  respectfully  your  obedient  servant, 

“G.  K.  WAEPvEN, 
"Maj.-Gen.  Vole.,  Comd'g  5th  Corps. 
“  Ch.  Eng.  at  Oetty&hurg." 


“Orange,  Oct.  1,  1864. 

“Jno.  B.  Bachelder,  Esq.; — 

“Mv  Dear  Sir: — I  have  carefully  examined  your  Isometrical  Drawing  of  the  Battle-field  of  Gettys¬ 
burg,  with  great  interest  and  much  profit  Never  having  been  on  that  field,  of  course  I  can  not  express  an 
opinion  as  to  its  accuracy — so  abundantly  indorsed  for,  however,  by  most  competent  judges;  but  I  can  say 
that  it  has  given  me  a  much  clearer  idea  of  the  battle  than  I  had  before,  and  I  earnestly  hope  that  you  will 
find  it  convenient  to  illustrate  others  of  our  great  battles  in  the  same  manner. 

“  I  am  very  truly  yours. 


“GEO.  B.  McClellan.” 


My  next  step  was  to  commence  the  present  painting.  Mr. 
James  Walker,  the  artist,  who  has  executed  it,  spent  weeks 
at  Gettysburg,  transcribing  the  portraiture  of  the  field  to  can¬ 
vas,  which  has  been  done  in  the  most  pleasing  and  life-like 
manner.  We  have  received  in  this  matter  the  kindest  support 
and  co-operation  of  the  officers  of  the  army  engaged  on  that 
portion  of  the  field. 

Many  distinguished  general  officers,  on  my  invitation, 
visited  Gettysburg,  and  went  over  the  field  with  us,  and  pointed 
out  all  the  details  of  this  gi'eat  turning-point  of  the  Rebellion ; 
each  explaining  the  movements  of  their  several  commands. 
Among  those  present  at  different  times,  were  Generals  Meade, 
Hancock,  Gibbon,  Howard,  Doubleday,  Stannard,  Hunt,  War¬ 
ren,  Humphreys,  Graham.  Burling,  De  Trobriand,  Wister, 
Dana,  Webb,  Baxter,  Devereux,  Bingham,  Newton,  Gates, 
Robinson,  Coulter,  Carr,  McAllister,  Madill,  Sykes,  Ayres, 
Crawford,  Tilton,  Sweitzer,  Chamberlain,  Martin,  Slocum, 
Shaler,  Meredith,  Stone,  Leonard,  Steinwehr,  Amsberg, 
Fowler,  Kane,  Greene,  Geary,  Selfridge,  Williams,  and 
Gregg,  together  with,  a  large  number  of  field,  line,  and  staff 
officers.  Most  of  these  gentlemen  have  since  kindly  called 
at  Mr.  Walker’s  studio,  and  aided  the  work  with  their 
advice.  Many  others,  who  were  unable  to  meet  with  us  at 
Gettysburg,  have,  at  considerable  trouble,  visited  the  studio  in 
New  York ;  among  them  Generals  Hall,  Hazard,  Sickles, 
Ward,  Brewster,  and  Berdan,  and  General  Wilcox,  Colonel 
Harrison  (General  Pickett’s  adjutant-general),  and  Lieutenant- 


THE  PAINTING. 


41 


General  Longstreet  of  the  Confederate  Army ;  the  latter  taking 
great  interest  in  the  painting,  and  leaving  me  a  fine  letter  in¬ 
dorsing  its  accuracy.  This  painting  has  been  designed  strictly 
in  conformity  to  the  directions  of  these  gentlemen,  given  on 
the  field  for  that  purpose,  and  from  the  reports  of  the  Con¬ 
federate  commanders,  furnished  to  me  by  the  government. 

This  great  representative  battle-scene  has  not  its  equal  in 
America,  for  correctness  of  design  or  accuracy  of  execution. 
Gibbon’s  and  Hays’  divisions  and  the  corps  artillery  occupy 
the  immediate  foreground.  It  is  on  a  canvas  7}x  20  feet,  and 
represents,  not  only  every  regiment  engaged  at  that  portion 
of  the  field,  but  where  the  formation  of  the  ground  would 
admit,  the  entire  left  wing  is  shown.  It  presents  such  an 
accurate  and  life-like  portrait  of  the  country,  that  on  it  the 
engagements  of  the  first  and  second  days’  operations  can  readily 
be  traced.  No  important  scene  has  been  screened  behind  large 
foreground  figures,  or,  for  the  want  of  a  knowledge  of  the  de¬ 
tails,  hidden  by  convenient  puffs  of  smoke ;  but  every  feature 
of  this  gigantic  struggle  has,  in  its  proper  place,  been  woven 
into  a  symmetrical  whole. 

This  Painting  is  intended  for  exhibition,  and  will  be  shown 
in  the  principal  cities  of  the  Union.  A  carefully  reduced  copy 
of  it  has  been  made  by  Mr.  Walker,  which  will  be  sent  to 
Europe,  from  which  a  first-class  parlor-sized  Steel  Engraving 
will  be  made. 

PRICES. 


Electrotype  Edition,  .  .  .  .  • 

Print, . 

Plain  Proof  (on  superior  plate  paper), 

India  Proof  (on  fine  India  paper),  from  the  original 
plate  ....•••• 
Artist’s  Proof, . 


$7.50 

15.00 

25.00 

50.00 

100.00 


The  latter  Edition  will  be  limited  to  200  copies  for  Amei  ica  and 
Europe,  which  will  be  carefully  selected,  numbered,  and  signed  by  the 
artist  and  publisher. 


(advertisement.) 


During-  my  consultations  with  officers  at  the  front,  as  well  as  on  the  bat¬ 
tle-field,  I  noted  with  great  care  their  conversations,  and  have  books  full  of 
material  thus  rescued  from  oblivion. 

Since  the  publication  of  my  Isometrical  Drawing  of  the  field,  I  have  been 
steadily  engaged  in  collecting  data  for  the  history  of  the  battle.  I  have  received 
thousands  of  letters  relating  to  it,  and  traveled  thousands  of  miles  to  add  to  my 
knowledge  of  it ;  but  during  the  execution  of  the  'painting^  I  have  been  unable 
to  devote  that  attention  to  its  compilation  which  I  now  hope  to  do.  I  do  not 
regret  that  the  work  has  been  thus  deferred,  as  during  the  past  year  I  had  an 
opportunity  of  revisiting  Gettysburg  with  several  hundred  military  officers,  and 
have  thus  been  able  to  critically  examine  my  material,  and  determine  its  relative 
value.  I  have  now  all  the  official  matter  required.  I  only  regret  that  the 
members  of  some  regiments  and  batteries  have  thus  far  failed  to  furnish  me 
with  detailed  descriptions  of  their  movements,  which  they  will  regret  when  too 
late  to  be  remedied,  as  I  shall  in  all  cases  write  the  description  from  the  data 
I  possess,  and  shall  not  publish  accounts  without  the  written  proof  to  sub¬ 
stantiate  them. 

Those  interested  will  be  pleased  to  learn  that  the  field  at  Gettysburg  has, 
during  the  past  two  seasons,  been  re-surveyed  in  the  most  complete  and 
scientific  manner  by  a  corps  of  United  States  engineers.  From  these  surveys 
a  beautiful  topographical  map  is  now  being  drawn  and  engraved,  copies  of 
which  I  have  arranged  to  have  to  illustrate  my  history.  In  addition  to  the 
maps,  the  book  will  be  very  fully  embellished  with  wood-cuts  of  the  important 
episodes,  beautifully  engraved ;  also  fine  line  and  st^yple  steel  portraits,  en¬ 
graved  entirely  by  hand,  by  the  best  engravers.  The  portraits  of  all  officers 
exercising  a  general’s  command  at  the  battle  will  be  admitted  if  desired.  The 
following  are  already  engraved: 

Generals  Meade,  Reynolds,  Newton,  Wadsworth,  Meredith,  Doubleday, 
Stannard,  Hancock,  Zook,  Gibbon,  Webb,  Hall,  Hays,  Sherrill,  Bull, 
Sickles,  Birney,  Graham,  Berdan,  Humphreys,  Sykes,  Barnes,  Tilton, 
Vincent,  Wright,  AYheaton,  Bartlett,  Howard,  Ames,  Slocum,  Williams, 
Geary,  Kane,  Hunt,  Randolph,  Martin,  McGilvery,  Pleasanton,  Butter¬ 
field,  Warren,  Ingalls,  and  MacDougall. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BATTLE. 


43 


Several  others  have  been  ordered,  and  I  presume  the  list  will  yet  he  con¬ 
siderably  increased.  I  shall  also  publish  that  of  General  Lee  and  his  corps  and 
division  commanders,  numbering  in  all  probably  seventy-five  of  the  finest  steel 
portraits  yet  engraved  in  this  country.  At  present  over  eighty-five  hundred 
dollars’  worth  of  illustrations  have  been  engraved.  I  shall  be  pleased  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  any  parties  wishing  portraits  or  wood-cuts.  The  history  will  be 
sold  by  subscription  at  the  following 

PRICES: 

Popular  Edition  (without  Portraits),  royal  octavo,  bound  in  cloth,  .  $5  00 
Do.  with  Portraits  (printed  from  transfers),  .  .  7  50 


The  next  will  be  the  Library  Edition,  printed  on  good  fair  paper,  good 
plates,  and  substantially  bound  in  sheep,  .....  $12  00 


The  same  size  printed  on  fine  paper.  Proof  Portraits — bound  in  half  morocco 
beveled  boards,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  $17  50 


A  Fine  Edition  on  tinted  paper.  Proof  Portraits.  Full  morocco,  gilt, 
beveled  boards,  gilt  edges,  ........  $25  00 

A  Large  Paper  Edition  (limited)  will  be  printed  from  new  type,  and  the 
original  wood-cuts  in  the  best  style  of  modern  hand-press  work,  on  heavy  toned 
paper,  with  the  finest  India  Proof  Portraits.  In  Sheets,  stitched, 
uncut,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  $100  00 

Elaborately  bound.  Full  levant  morocco,  gilt,  .  .  .  .  $125  00 


I  have  now  devoted  six  years  and  a  half  to  collecting  material  for  the  history 
of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg,  but  until  quite  recently  I  have  felt  unwilling  to 
commence  to  write,  knowing  that  other  matter  existed  which  it  was  important 
for  me  to  have,  and  which,  when  obtained,  might  make  a  material  change  in 
the  account.  This  reason  no  longer  exists,  though  I  shall  still  thankfully  receive 
suggestions  from  any  participant  in  the  battle. 

As  a  publisher  for  profit  I  would  have  issued  it  long  ago,  but  as  an  historian 
I  could  not  conscientiously  until  I  felt  that  the  details  of  this  most  important 
battle  had  been  impartially  examined,  and  the  entire  subject  exhausted. 

JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  Publisher, 

59  Beekman  St.,  New  York. 


Summary  of  Gettysburg  Publications, 


I  S  O  M  E  T  R  I  C  A  L  DRAWING  OF  THE  BATTLE-FIELD, 

REPRESENTING  TWENTY-FIVE  SQUARE  MILES  OF  COUNTRY. 

This  differs  from  a  topographical  drawing,  as  it  shows  the  elevation  of  obiects,  and  from  a  Bird’s-Etb 
VrEW,  as  objects  do  not  diminish  in  size  as  they  recede  in  distance.  Every  hill  and  valley,  every  field  and 
forest,  every  fence  and  house,  is  shown.  On  this  landscape  view  the  most  important  position  of  every 
regiment  and  battery  of  both  armies  is  located  for  each  of  the  three  days’  battle,  and  its  name  attached. 


PRICES. 

Plain  (without  sky) . .  fS.OO 

Tinted.  (This  and  the  two  following  has  a  sky,  and  is  suitable  to  frame). 5.00 
Proof,  printed  in  tints,  on  heavy  plate  paper,  having  positions  of  troops  colored.'.'.'.'.'.'.’.'.’.'.!".'.!'.!'.!".!  10.00 

Colored  Proof,  Carefully  finished  in  water  colors. . !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!  15!oo 

Sent  free  on  receipt  ofpyrice. 


"REPULSE  OF  LONGSTREET’S  ASSAULT." 

STEEL  ENGRAVING. — (not  vet  published.) 

A  fine  .steel  engraving  (parlor  size),  from  the  Historical  Painting  of  the  “  Eepulse  of  Longstreet’s 
Assault,”  painted  by  James  Walkbe,  from  historical  data  by  John  B.  Bacheldee. 


PRICES. 

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Print  .  15!oo 

Plain  Proof  (on  superior  plate  paper) .  25  00 

India  Proof  (on  fine  India  p.aper,  from  the  original  plate) .  50.00 

Artist’s  Proof .  100.00 


The  latter  edition  will  be  limited  to  two  hundred  copies  for  America  and  Europe,  which  will  be  care¬ 
fully  selected,  numbered,  and  signed  by  the  artist  and  publisher. 


"REPULSE  OF  LONGSTREET’S  ASSAULT.” 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PAINTING. 

Showing  the  positions  and  movements  of  troops.  44  pages,  royal  8vo,  in  paper,  with  outline  key.. .'25c. 

Sent  free  on  receipt  of  price. 

DESCKIPTIVE  KEY. 

Embracing,  in  addition  to  the  above,  a  brief  account  of  the  battle  from  the  commencement;  also  the 
local  points  of  the  field.  With  an  Appendix,  containing  letters  and  reports  of  officers  of  both  armies, 
never  before  published,  showing  the  authorities  for  the  painting.  Together  with  a  complete  Alphabetical 
Index  of  every  Corps,  Division,  Brigade,  Eegi.ment,  Battery,  and  Officer  mentioned  in  the  work. 

Plain  Muslin . $1.00 

Fine  Edition  (table  book),  on  heavy  toned-paper.  Fourteen  splendid  Steel  Portraits  of  Generals. 

Elaborately  bound,  Levant  cloth,  gilt,  beveled  bo.ards,  gilt  edges . $5,00 

Sent  free  on  receipt  of  price. 

OUTLINE  KEY  TO  THE  "REPULSE  OF  LONGSTREET’S  ASSAULT,” 

This,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  an  outline  of  the  painting,  reduced  to  18  inches,  under  which  is  a 
Reference  Chart,  which,  by  aid  of  numerals  pl.aced  over  the  Key  connecting  by  a  vertical  line  with  the 
object  on  it,  indicates  by  name  the  (losition  of  Divisions,  Brigades.  Eeqi.ments,  Batteries,  and  Officers. 
It  locates  on  the  painting  the  position  of  two  hundred  and  fifty-one  regiments  and  seventy-eight  batteries, 
and  has  been  compiled  at  great  expense  from  material  never  before  published. 

Sent  free  on  receipt  of  a  Three  Cent  Stamp  ! 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BATTLE. 

Compiled  from  the  Official  Reports  of  the  officers  of  both  armies,  furnished  me  by  the  Government  for 
that  purpose — interviews  with  the  officers  of  every  regiment  and  battery  engaged — thousands  of  letters 
from  all  sources,  and  personal  visits  to  the  battle-field  with  forty-six  generals  commanding,  and  over  one 
thousand  commissioned  officers  engaged  at  the  battle,  the  whole  occupying  over  six  and  a  half  years. 


PRICES. 

Popular  Edition  (without  Portraits),  royal  8vo,  bound  in  cloth .  $5.00 

“  “  with  Portraits,  printed  froui  transfers .  7.50 

Library  Edition,  printed  on  good  fair  paper,  good  plates,  and  substantially  bound  in  sheep .  12.00 

Same  Edition,  printed  on  fine  paper.  Proof  Portraits,  bound  in  half  morocco,  beveled  boards .  17.50 

Fine  Edition,  on  tinted  paper.  Proof  Portraits,  full  morocco,  gilt,  beveled  boards,  gilt  edges .  25.00 

Large  Paper  Edition  (limited),  printed  from  new  type,  and  the  original  wood-cuts,  in  the  best  style 
of  modern  hand-press  work,  on  extra  heavy  toned-paper,  with  the  finest  India  Proof  Por¬ 
traits,  in  sheets,  stitched,  uncut .  100.00 

Elaborately  bound,  full  Levant  morocco,  gilt .  125.00 

$8,500.00  xcorth  of  illmtratione  are  already  engraved  for  this  work,  including  forty-two  steel 
portraits  of  general  officers,  and  several  others  ordered.  Suhscripttions  received. 


EPISODES  OF  THE  BATTLE. 

I  have  already  had  painted,  and  in  hand,  several  important  y)isodes  of  the  b.'ittle,  from  which  steel  Ena-ravings  .are  to  be  executed, 
I  am  also  prepared  to  design,  have  painted,  and  publish,  Steel  Engravings,  Chkomo-Lithographs,  or  Plain  Lithographs  ot  any 
portion  of  the  battle,  on  application. 

The  large  Historical  Painting  of 

“THE  LAST  HOURS  OF  L  I  N  C  O  L  N  ,”  ffluppel, 

containing  life-like  Portraits  of  47  Figures,  is  also  in  the  engraver’s  hands.  This  wiil  be  completed  in  1871,  and  will  be  the  mott 
highly-Jinished  Engraving  ever  evrecuted  in  America.  Sold  only  by  subscription. 

PRICES. 

Electrotype  Print,  $7.50  ;  Plain,  $15  ;  Proof,  $85;  India  Proof,  $60;  Artist’s  Proof,  $100.  _ 

The  above  works  are  sold  entirely  by  subscription,  for  which  experienced  Agents,  who  have  the  capital  to  conduct  the  business 
energetically,  are  wanted  in  every  State,  County,  City,  and  Town  in  the  country. 

None  others  need  apply. 

Orders  for  either  of  the  above  can  be  sent  direct  to  the  Publisher. 

JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  Publisher.  59  Beekman  Street.  New  York, 


“THE  LAST  HOURS  OF  LINCOLN 


?? 


ORIGIN  OF  THIS  HISTORICAL  PAINTING. 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN,  President  of  the  United  States,  was  assassinated  by  John  Wilkics  Booth,  on 
the  night  of  April  14,  1865,  at  Ford’s  Theater,  Washington,  D.  C.  This  night,  fraught  with  woe  to  the 
peoples  of  two  continents,  sombered  by  its  halo  of  diabolism,  must  forever  remain  the  Golgotha  of  American 
history. 

At  the  threshold  of  the  temple  of  peace — the  High  Priest  was  stricken  down — and  the  great  heart 
whose  every  throb  was  a  pulsation  of  love  for  his  country’s  enemies,  was  robed  in  silence.  In  company 
with  Mrs.  Lincoln,  Miss  Hakris,  and  Major  Kathbone,  Mr..  Lincoln  had  sought  a  brief  respite  from  the 
iron  wheel  of  State  toil,  and  in  the  search,  through  the  medium  of  the  assassin’s  bullet,  found  a  respite  for 
all  time. 

Immediately  after  the  fatal  shot  was  fired,  and  under  direction  of  Assistant-Surgeons  Leale  and 
Taft,  he  was  removed  to  a  private  house,  and  placed  upon  a  couch  in  a  small  bedroom.  Robert  Lincoln, 
General  Todd,  and  Dr.  Todd,  cousins  of  Mrs.  Lincoln,  and  other  personal  friends,  speedily  arrived.  His 
family  physician.  Dr.  Stone,  and  Surgeon-General  Barnes,  accompanied  by  Asst. -Surgeon  General  Crane, 
were  in  early  attendance,  and  later  he  was  visited  by  Drs.  Hall  and  Liebermann,  and  other  eminent  phy¬ 
sicians,  all  of  whom  agreed  that  the  wound  was  unto  death.  The  bullet  had  entered  the  back  of  his  head, 
and  lodged  behind  the  right  eye. 

Mr.  Lincoln  was  visited  during  the  night  by  Vice-President  Johnson  and  the  entire  cabinet,  except 
Mr.  Seward,  including  Secretaries  McCulloch,  Stanton,  Welles,  and  Usher,  Postmaster-General 
Dennison,  and  Attorney-General  Speed,  together  with  Asst.-Secretaries  Field,  Eckert,  and  Otto.  There 
were  also  present,  Speaker  Colfax,  Chief-Justice  Cartter,  Senator  Sumner,  Representatives  Farnsworth, 
Arnold,  Marston,  and  Rollins,  Governor  Oglesby,  accompanied  by  Adjutant-General  Haynie,  Major 
Hay,  Generals  Auger,  Meigs,  and  Halleck,  Ex-Governor  Farwell,  Rev.  Dr.  Gurley,  and  Commissioner 
French,  Colonels  Vincent  Pblouze  and  Rutherford,  and  Major  Rockwell.  Early  in  the  night  Mrs. 
Lincoln  sent  for  Mrs.  Senator  Dixon,  who  was  accompanied  by  her  sister  and  niece,  Mrs.  Kinney  and 
daughter.  There  were  also  a  few  others  present  during  the  night,  but  never  more  than  half  of  those 
represented  on  the  painting  at  any  one  time. 

By  the  publicity  of  the  assassination  it  was  soon  known  throughout  the  city,  and  thousands  crowded 
the  avenues  leading  to  the  house  where  the  President  lay. 

The  news  of  this  tragic  event  flashed  with  the  speed  of  lightning  throughout  the  land.  From  Maine  to 
California  consternation  reigned,  and  feelings  of  surprise  and  grief  were  depicted  on  every  face.  The  great 
man  now  martyred  had  for  more  than  four  years  held  the  highest  place  in  the  gift  of  the  American  iieople, 
and  on  him  their  hopes  had  centered.  The  designer  of  the  painting  of 

“THE  LAST  HOURS  OF  LINCOLN,” 

Jno.  B.  Bachelder,  arrived  iu  Washington  on  the  night  of  his  death,  and  being  impressed  with  the 
historic  importance  of  the  event,  at  once  determined  to  collect  such  materials  as  should  be  necessary  for  an 
historical  picture  commemorating  that  sad  scene,  and  should  the  demand  warrant  it,  to  publishing  a  steel- 
plate  engraving  from  it.  The  design  for  the  painting  was  soon  completed,  and  arrangements  having  been 
made  witli  Brady  &  Co.,  Photographers,  as  soon  as  the  remains  of  the  President  left  the  city  each  of  the 
persons  represented  were  visited,  and  at  their  convenience  were  poied  and  photogr.aphed  in  the  position 
which  they  now  occupy  in  the  painting.  It  being  Important  that  the  best  possible  original  should  be  had 
for  the  engraver’s  use,  the  design  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  Alonzo  Chapel,  Esq.,  the  historical  painter, 
to  whose  genius  the  painting  is  to  be  credited.  Much  of  its  completeness  is  due  to  the  kindness  and  atten¬ 
tion  of  the  persons  represented ;  as  all  cheerfully  gave  their  time  for  frequent  sittings,  both  to  the  designer 
and  painter. 

No  expense  has  been  spared  to  produce  a  work  worthy  the  scene  it  represents,  and  the  high  encomiums 
given  it  by  eminent  judges  is  the  best  proof  of  the  result. 

To  publish  any  thing  now  short  of  a  first-class  copy  of  such  a  painting  would  be  a  breach  of  confidence 
to  those  who  have  so  kindly  aided  in  its  production.  The  proprietor  has  therefore  decided  to  have  this 
picture  engraved  in  the  finest  style  of  line  and  stipple,  the  engraved  surface  of  the  pl.ate  to  be  18  x  31 
Inches ;  believing  that  nothing  short  of  a  genuine  'icork  of  art  will  meet  the  approval,  and  secure  the 
patronage  of  the  American  people,  and  to  those  interested  the  proprietor  can  most  confidently  promise  a 
suitable  memento  of  their  departed  chief. 

The  engraving  is  being  executed  by  IT.  B.  Hall,  Jr.,  Esq.,  the  eminent  engraver  upon  steel. 

PRICE  OF  ENGRAVINGS. — Electrotype  Edition,  $7.50;  Prints,  $1 5.00  ;  Plain  Proofs, 
$35.00;  India  Proofs,  $60.00;  Artist’s  Proofs  (limited  to  200  copies,  which  will  be  numbered 
and  signed  by  the  artist  and  engraver),  $100.00. 

A  beautifully  engraved  and  i>hotographic  A'cy  to  the  Engraving,  will  bo  presented  to  the  subscribers. 
It  is  a  complete  picture  of  itself,  and  may  be  had  in  advance  by  subxcribers  only. 

JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  Publisher,  50  Aceifej/iaji.  Nfreef,  Weio  York 


^RjEF  ^Sayings  of  ^minent  ^VLen. 


Sitbgeon-General's  Oeeioe,  ) 

Washington  City,  March  20,  1867.  J 

Col.  J.  B.  Bachelder, 

Sib  : — The  picture  of  “  The  Last  Hours  of  Lincoln,”  painted  by  Alonzo  Chappel  from  your  design,  pre» 
Bents,  with  remarkable  fidelity,  the  portraits  of  those  in  attendance  at  various  times  during  the  night  of 
April  14, 1865,  preserving  truthfully  the  principal  features  of  that  most  sad  event. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

J.  K.  Barnes,  Burg  eon- General  U.  S.  A.,  Brevet  Major-General. 


It  is  certainly  a  work  of  great  interest  and  merit.  I  have  looked  upon  it  with  the  liveliest  satisfaction 
on  account  of  its  singularly  graphic  delineation  of  the  actual  scene  as  myself  beheld  it,  and  also  because 
the  likenesses  of  most  of  the  distinguished  persons  presented  by  the  painting  seem  to  me  to  be  very 
accurate  and  striking.  P.  D.  Gurley,  Bakor  of  the  M,  Y.  Ave.  Pres.  Chm'ch. 


I  cheerfully  bear  testimony  to  the  accuracy  of  the  Portraits  of  the  persons  present  on  that  melan¬ 
choly  occasion,  and  especially  that  of  the  martyred  President. 

W.  T.  Otto,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


It  gives  me  pleasure  to  testify  to  the  accuracy  with  which  you  have  represented  the  principal  features 
of  the  scene  in  question,  and  to  the  fidelity  of  the  portraits  which  you  have  introduced.  You  have  been 
especially  successful  in  the  likeness  of  President  Lincoln.  John  Hay, 

Brevet  Colonel.,  formerly  A.  J).  C.  to  President  Lincoln. 


The  truthful  likeness  of  President  Lincoln,  the  fidelity  of  the  portraits  of  those  present  on  that  most 
mournful  night,  and  the  excellent  grouping  of  the  figures,  render  this  picture  peculiarly  valuable  in  an  his¬ 
torical  point  of  view,  apart  from  its  merits  as  a  work  of  art. 

C.  H.  Crane,  Assistant  Surgeon-General  U.  S.  Army. 


Without  possessing  a  critical  capacity  for  judgment,  I  can  say,  in  all  sincerity,  that  the  painting,  as  a 
whole,  is  faithful  to  the  scene  of  the  death-chamber  on  that  eventful  night,  and  impressively  truthful  in 
its  portraiture.  D.  K.  Cartter,  Chief-Justice. 

The  above  gentlemen  visited  President  Lincoln  during  his  last  hours,  and  are  represented  in 
the  painting. 


It  is  admirable  as  a  picture,  and  of  great  value  for  the  fidelity  of  the  portraits. 

A.  A.  Humphreys,  Major-General. 


Dear  Sir  Permit  me  to  thank  you  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  luxury  of  grief  afforded  me  in  the  view¬ 
ing  of  the  great  picture  commemorating  “  The  Last  Hours  of  Lincoln.”  It  is  deserving  of  great  praise.  If 
it  has  a  fault,  it  is  its  high  coloring.  As  I  have  personally  known  nearly  all  the  forty  odd  persons  who 
appear  in  it,  I  can  speak  with  confidence  of  the  truthfulness  of  the  likenesses. 

F.  E.  Spinner,  Treasurer  United  States. 


The  majority  of  the  portraits  could  hardly  be  improved. 


O.  O.  Howard,  Major-General. 


I  know  personally  a  large  majority  of  the  persons  represented,  and  take  pleasure  in  bearing  my  testimony 
to  the  singular  fidelity  of  their  portraits.  _  Ira  Harris,  United  States  Senator. 

EXTP.ACT  FROM  A  CRITICISM. 

{From  the  Washington  Sunday  Herald.'] 


Washington,  March  31, 1867. 

A  great  picture  has  been  designed  of  the  “  Last  Hours  of  Abraham  Lincoln.”  The  designer  is  Mr.  John 
B  Bachelder,  the  painter  Alonzo  Chappel.  ♦  »  The  value  of  such  a  picture  of  such  a  scene  is  enormous, 
and  of  a  kind  to  ever  increase  with  time,  *  *  Looking  like  himself,  from  his  finger-nails  to  his  hard, 
nrotruding  lip,  Stanton,  with  paper  and  pencil  in  hand,  and  uplifted  forefinger  is  giving  instructions  to  the 
s^oldierly  General  Auger,  the  then  Military  Commander  of  the  District,  *  *  Portraits  so  minutely  like 

I  have  never  seen,  even  from  the  brush  of  Elliot.  ***  ,,,,  v 

The  grandeur  in  the  face  of  Lincoln,  is  grand  indeed.  The  cold  hues  of  death  are  warmed  to  the  eye  by 
the  red  rays  of  a  candle  held  over  him,  and  the  flickering  flare  causing  a  Rembrandt-like  effect,  is  very 
felicitously  managed.  The  eye  rests  in  love  and  pity  on  it,  turning  from  those  around  impatiently.  * 

McCulloch  who  turns  from  the  scene,  and  Johnson  who  sits  in  the  left  foreground,  are  woiidei fully  like. 
As  is  the  erect  Dennison  beyond  them;  and  Meigs,  with  his  hand  resting  on  the  door-post  where  he  stood 
to  prevent  disturbing  entrances;  Dr.  Stone  and  Surgeon-General  Barnes,  General  Todd,  Jud„,e  <:Hto 
Sumner,  Farnsworth,  Speaker  Colfax,  and  Governor  Oglesby,  are  looking  down  on  the  face  of  Lincoln  Mith 
an  expression  of  respectful  concern.  *  *  *  Judge  Cartter  and  Ex-Governor  Farwell  stand  in  ft  ont  of 

Mei^s  forming  the  right  foreground  of  the  picture;  they  are  given  in  profile  and  seem  conversing. 

ThrgreatLss  of  the  picture  lies  in  its  correct  transcrirition  of  an  actual  scene  and  perfect  portraiture 
rican  men.  It  is  just  such  a  work  as,  above  all  others,  should  be  American  property,  fo^i^^  ever 


of  American 


there  was  a  Nutioudl  picture,  this  is  one. 


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